PHA bead vaccines induced functional antibodies and protective immunity. a-c OPK assay against P. aeruginosa (A) strain PAO1, (B) strain PAO1ΔpslA, and (C) serotype O11 strain 9882-80. Percent killing was calculated relative to results obtained in assays run in the absence of serum/antibody. Results are one representative experiment of three independent experiments performed. (D) Survival of the vaccinated FVB/N mice after challenge with the serotype O6 P. aeruginosa strain N13. Mice (n = 12 per group) were immunized SC with Alhydrogel, PHA bead + Alhydrogel, Ag-PHA bead + Alhydrogel, or PHA-PopB bead + Alhydrogel, once every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (3 doses), and then intranasally challenged 3 weeks later.