. 2021 Jul 16;13(7):495. doi: 10.3390/toxins13070495

Table 2.

PAEs detected in plant materials.

Family	Identified from	Origin	Type of PAEs	Relative Content of PAEs (%) *	References
Acanthaceae	Avicennia marina	Fruits	Diethyl phthalate	1.2	[70]
			Dimethyl phthalate	0.6
			Methyl nonyl phthalate	0.4
	Asystasia gangetica	Aerial Parts	Diisobutyl phthalate	6.1	[71]
			Bis-Decyloctyl phthalate	5.7
			Bis-Diundecyl phthalate	5.7
			Bis-Decylhexyl phthalate	4.2
			Bis-isodecylhexyl phthalate	4.1
			Diheptyl phthalate	3.6
			Bis-Didecyl phthalate	2.6
			Bis-Heptyloctyl phthalate	2.4
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	2.3
			Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	1.5
			Bis-7-Methy loctyl phthalate	1.0
Araceae	Alocasia macrorrhiza	Whole Plants	Bis (2-isobutyl) phthalate	32.5	[55]
Araceae	Alocasia macrorrhiza	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	14.4	[55]
Asteraceae	Ageratina adenophora	Leaves, Shoots	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	N/A **	[72]
	Ageratina adenophora	Leaves, Shoots	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A **	[72]
	Cirsium japonicum	Whole Plants	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	30.8	[57]
			Diisooctyl phthalate	16.6
			Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	16.0
			Diisobutyl phthalate	1.1
			Butyloctyl phthalate	0.7
			Di-n-octyl phthalate	0.1
	Chrysanthemum indicum	Leaves, Stems	Diethyl phthalate	N/A	[73]
Apiaceae	Angelica sinensis	Roots	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[74]
			Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
			Bis (2-methylpropyl) phthalate
Brassicaceae	Brassica oleracea	Stalks	Di-n-butyl phthalate	32.0	[42]
			Diisooctyl phthalate	18.5
			Diisobutyl phthalate	3.4
			Diethyl phthalate	1.3
Chenopodiaceae	Beta vulgaris	Root Exudates	Di-n-butyl phthalate	47.2	[75]
Chenopodiaceae	Beta vulgaris	Root Exudates	Diisobutyl phthalate	8.6	[75]
Campanulaceae	Campanula colorata	Whole Plants	Butyloctyl phthalate	10.2	[76]
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	7.4
			Diisooctyl phthalate	0.6
Calycanthaceae	Chimonanthus praecox	Flowers	Di-n-butyl phthalate	4.5	[77]
Cladophoraceae	Cladophora fracta	Whole Plants	Diisobutyl phthalate	N/A	[67]
	Cladophora fracta	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[67]
	Chaetomorpha basiretorsa	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[66]
	Chaetomorpha basiretorsa	Whole Plants	Diisobutyl phthalate	N/A	[66]
Cyperaceae	Fimbristylis miliacea	Whole Plants	Di-n-octyl phthalate	N/A	[62]
Crassulaceae	Hylotelephium erythrostictum	Flowers	Di-n-butyl phthalate	1.2	[78]
Convolvulaceae	Ipomoea carnea	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[79]
Caryophyllaceae	Radix pseudostellariae	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	87.2	[52]
Caryophyllaceae	Radix pseudostellariae	Whole Plants	Ditridecyl phthalate	0.7	[52]
Euphorbiaceae	Croton lachynocarpus	Roots	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[68]
			Diisobutyl phthalate
			Butyl isobutyl phthalate
	Jatropha curcas	Leaves	Di-n-octyl phthalate	21.6	[46]
Ericaceae	Pyrola rotundifolia	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	40.5	[53]
	Rhododendron calophytum	Flowers	Di-n-butyl phthalate	4.9	[80]
	Rhododendron calophytum	Flowers	Diisobutyl phthalate	1.4	[80]
Fabaceae	Dalbergia odorifera	Flowers	Di-n-butyl phthalate	14.0	[81]
	Dalbergia odorifera	Flowers	Diisooctyl phthalate	4.4	[81]
	Medicago sativa	Root Exudates	Di-n-butyl phthalate	10.7	[82]
Gracilariaceae	Gracilaria lemaneiformis	Whole Plants	Butyl isobutyl phthalate	N/A	[83]
Gesneriaceae	Lysionotus pauciflorus	Whole Plants	Diisobutyl phthalate	2.7	[84]
Hypericaceae	Hypericum scabrum	Seeds, Leaves	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	5.8	[85]
Liliaceae	Allium fistulosum	Root Exudates	Diisooctyl phthalate	11.4	[86]
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	4.7
			Diethyl phthalate	3.2
			Dimethyl phthalate	0.9
			Diisobutyl phthalate	0.7
			Butyl methyl phthalate	0.6
	Lilium brownii	Root Exudates	Diisooctyl phthalate	52.1	[63]
			Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	41.0
			Methyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate	0.9
			2-ethyl hexyl butyl phthalate	0.8
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	0.3
	Paris polyphylla	Roots	Isobutyl-3-pentenyl phthalate	24.7	[87]
			Butyl-2-isobutyl phthalate	5.5
			Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	4.2
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum inerme	Leaves	Di-n-butyl phthalate	59.3	[56]
	Clerodendrum inerme	Leaves	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	17.3	[56]
	Melissa officinalis	Aerial Parts	Diisobutyl phthalate	2.5	[88]
	Melissa officinalis	Aerial Parts	Di-n-butyl phthalate	1.4	[88]
	Ocimum obovatum	Leaves	2-ethylhexyl undecyl phthalate	5.3	[89]
	Ocimum obovatum	Leaves	Di-n-butyl phthalate	4.5	[89]
	Phlomis umbrosa	Flowers	Diisobutyl phthalate	13.4	[90]
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	1.5
			Butyl isobutyl phthalate	0.4
	Prunella vulgaris	Whole Plants	Di-n-octyl phthalate	29.9	[47]
	Prunella vulgaris	Whole Plants	Diethyl phthalate	2.5	[47]
	Phlomis medicinalis	Roots	Butyl isobutyl phthalate	N/A	[91]
	Scutellaria barbata	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	8. 3	[92]
	Scutellaria barbata	Whole Plants	Diisobutyl phthalate	3. 6	[92]
Malvaceae	Gossypium hirsutum	Stalks	Di-n-butyl phthalate	7.9	[45]
Myricaceae	Myricarubra sieb	Fruits	Phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester	9.7	[93]
			Diisooctyl phthalate	4.2
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	2.0
			Dimethyl phthalate	0.8
Meliaceae	Toona ciliata	Leaves, Stems	Diisobutyl phthalate	N/A	[65]
Meliaceae	Toona ciliata	Leaves, Stems	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[65]
Orchidaceae	Cymbidium sinense	Flowers	Diisobutyl phthalate	12.5	[94]
Oleaceae	Osmanthus fragrans	Flowers	Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	26.5	[54]
			Bis (2-methylpropyl) phthalate	21.9
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	15.1
			Diethyl phthalate	2.1
Pontederiaceae	Eichhornia crassipes	Whole Plants	Di-n-octyl phthalate	N/A	[95]
			Diisooctyl phthalate
			Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
			Methyl dioctyl phthalate
Polygonaceae	Polygonum amplexicaule	Roots	Diisobutyl phthalate	N/A	[96]
Poaceae	Zea mays	Straws	Di-n-butyl phthalate	7.0	[44]
Poaceae	Zea mays	Straws	2-Methyl-pentyl-isobutyl phthalate dibutyl	6.4	[44]
Rosaceae	Malus prunifolia	Root Exudates	Phthalate derivates	52.5	[97]
	Pyrus bretschneideri	Seeds	Di-n-butyl phthalate	N/A	[69]
	Pyrus bretschneideri	Seeds	Diisobutyl phthalate	N/A	[69]
	Pyrus ussriensis	Fruits	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	29.4	[58]
	Photinia parvifolia	Fruits	Di-n-octyl phthalate	10.1	[48]
Rubiaceae	Paederia scandens	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	5.0	[98]
			Dimethyl phthalate	3. 7
			Diisobutyl phthalate	3.2
			Di-n-octyl phthalate	2.9
	Ixora amplexicaulis	Branches, Leaves	Di-n-butyl phthalate	15.0	[43]
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mauritiana	Fruits	Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	18.0	[59]
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mauritiana	Fruits	Di-n-butyl phthalate	12.3	[59]
Solanaceae	Capsicum annuum	Leaves and Root Exudates	Di-n-butyl phthalate	41.5	[99]
			Butyl cyclohexane phthalate	15.6
			Butyl isobutyl phthalate	13.1
			Ditert butyl phthalate	10.1
	Nicotiana tabacum	Root Exudates	3-hexyl isobutyl phthalate	4.8	[100]
	Nicotiana tabacum	Root Exudates	Diisobutyl phthalate	2.9	[100]
	Solanum lycopersicum	Root Exudates	Di-n-butyl phthalate	5.8	[101]
			Dimethyl phthalate	2.1
			Diisooctyl phthalate	1.7
			Diisobutyl phthalate	0.4
	Solanum melongena	Root Exudates	Di-n-butyl phthalate	13.6	[64]
			Diisobutyl phthalate	1.9
			Diisononyl phthalate	0.8
Saxifragaceae	Saxifraga stolonfera	Whole Plants	Butyloctyl phthalate	5.5	[102]
Sargassaceae	Nizamuddinia zanardinii	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	5.1	[103]
Sargassaceae	Nizamuddinia zanardinii	Whole Plants	Diethyl phthalate	0.7	[103]
Sapindaceae	Nephelium lappaceum	Peels	Isobutyl octyl phthalate	16.5	[104]
Sapindaceae	Nephelium lappaceum	Peels	Diisooctyl phthalate	8.9	[104]
Salviniaceae	Salvinia natans	Whole Plants	Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	29.3	[105]
Salviniaceae	Salvinia natans	Whole Plants	Di-n-butyl phthalate	1.0	[105]
Thymelaeaceae	Stellera chamaejasme	Root Exudates	2-Ethyl hexyl phthalate	18.7	[106]
			Di-n-butyl phthalate	4.6
			Diisobutyl phthalate	0.2

* Relative Content of PAEs (%) detected via GC/MS; ** N/A: Not applicable.