Table 3.
Vertical transmission of HEV and maternal and obstetric events and neonatal outcome.
| Author Year. [References] | HEV-PF | Maternal & Obstetric Events | HEV-Neonatal Status | Pattern of Neonatal HEV Disease | Outcome of HEV-Infected Neonates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babies | HEV-Infections | |||||
| Khuroo et al., 1995 [174] | 10 | ALF 6, Died 3, (DUD 2), FTD 7, PD 1. | 8 | 6 (RNA 5, IgM 3, IgG-Seroconversion 1). | HEV-ALF 2, I-HEV 1, AI-HEV 3. | Died 2 (HEV-ALF, Liver biopsy 1 MHN), Recovered 4, RNA in 2 lasted 1 month. |
| Khuroo et al., 2009 [175] | 26 | ALF 15, Died 9 (DUD 5), FTD 15, PD 4, Ab 2. | 19 (Died 1 due prematurity) + 2 aborted. | 15 (RNA 10, IgM 12). | HEV-ALF 6, I-HEV 4, AI-HEV 5. | Died 6 (HEV-ALF, Liver biopsy 1 MHN with HEV RNA in liver), Recovered 9. RNA lasted for 4 weeks in 4, 8 weeks in 1, 32 weeks in 1. IgM lasted for 4 weeks in 3, for 8 weeks in 2. |
| Khuroo et al., 2006 [140] | 36 | ALF 16, DIC 9, Died 10, FTD 26, PD 7, Ab 3. | 33 + 3 aborted. | 25 (RNA 20, IgM 24). | HEV-ALF 14, I-HEV 9, AI-HEV 2. | Died 14 (HEV-ALF, Liver biopsy 14 MHN), Recovered 11. |
| Kumar et al., 2001 [177] | 28 | ALF 6, Died 3 (DUD 2), PD 2. | 26 | 26 (RNA 26) | HEV-ALF 2, I-HEV 21, AI-HEV 3. | Died 2 (HEV-ALF), Recovered 24. |
| Singh et al., 2003 [176] | 22 | ALF 14, Died 14. | NK *, 6 | 3 (RNA 3). | I-HEV 1. | - |
| Kumar et al., 2004 [178] | 28 | ALF 9, Died 7, PD 18. | NK *, 18 | 6 (RNA 4, IgM 3). | - | - |
| Chibber et al., 2004 [179] | 92 | FTD 92 (Vaginal delivery 80, Caesarean in 12) | 92 | 4 (RNA 4, IgM 4). | I-HEV 4 *** | - |
| El Sayed Zaki et al., 2013 [181] | 9 | 9 ** | 9 | 9 (RNA 5, IgM 1, IgG 6). | RDS with icterus 5, I-HEV 3, Sepsis 1. | - |
| Sharma et al., 2017 [180] | 144 | ALF 41, Died 6 (DUD 6). | 128 | 59 (RNA 15, IgM 59). | - | - |
| Bonney et al., 2012 [182] | 3 | ALF 2, Died 2 (DUD 1), PD 1, Ab 1. | 1 + 1 aborted | 1 (RNA 1, IgM 1). | I-HEV 1. | Recovered, RNA -ve 3 weeks., IgM -ve 4 weeks. |
| Pradhan et al., 2012 [183] | 1 | Fetal HEV-AVH 15 weeks. | 1 | 1 (IgM cord blood, amniotic fluid & serum at birth). | Fetal ascites at 15 weeks pregnancy, resolved in follow up | Healthy baby delivered 38 weeks., LFT normal, IgM +ve. |
PF = Pregnant females, ALF = acute liver failure, I-HEV = Icteric hepatitis E virus infection, AI-HEV= Anicteric hepatitis E virus infection, MHN = Massive hepatic necrosis, DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation, FTD = full term delivery, DUD = mother died with baby undelivered, Ab = abortion, PD = premature delivery, RNA = HEV RNA +ve, IgM = IgM anti-HEV +ve, IgG = IgG anti-HEV +ve, RDS = respiratory distress syndrome. LFT = liver function tests, * = total babies born not known, ** = all deliveries had complicated clinical course, *** = baby developed icterus at 6 weeks of birth.