Table 2.

In vivo studies of anti-HSV chemical substances. P.O. = Per Os.

Group	Compound	Plant/Other	Animal	Virus	Way of Infection	Treatment; Dose	Survival under Treatment	Compared to Control/ACV	Ref.
Anthraquinone	Emodin	Rheum tanguticum	BALB/c mice	HSV-1F; HSV-2 (333)	Intracerebral	P.O.; 6.7 g/kg/day	HSV-1: 61.5% HSV-2: ≈70%	HSV-1: Untreated control: 0%/ACV: ≈20% (p < 0.01) HSV-2: Untreated control: 0%/ACV: ≈30% (p < 0.01)	[17]
Flavinoid	Baicalein	Scutellaria baicalensis	BALB/c mice	HSV-1 F	Intranasal	P.O.; 200 mg/kg/day	75%	Untreated control: 33.3% (p < 0.05)/ACV: ≈90%	[24]
Harmaline	7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole	Ophiorrhiza nicobarica Balkr	BALB/c mice (female and male)	HSV-2 G	Genital	P.O.; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg 6 h after infection	0.25 mg/kg: 45% 0.5 mg/kg: 70%	Untreated control: 5% (p < 0.05)/ACV: 80%	[30]
Peptide	Griffithsin (GRFT)	Griffithsia	BALB/c mice (female)	HSV-2	Intravaginal	Intravaginal topically; 20 µL 0.1% GRFT gel pre-infection	≈80%	Untreated control: ≈20% (p < 0.05)	[57]
Phenolics	Curcumin	The curry spice turmeric	BALB/c mice (female)	HSV-2 (333)	Intravaginal	Intravaginal topically; 100 µg 6 h pre-infection	0%	0%	[68]
Polysaccharids	MI-S	Agaricus brasiliensis	BALB/c mice (female)	HSV-2 (333)	Intravaginal	Intravaginal topically; 20 mg/mL 20 min pre-infection	60%	Untreated control: 0% (p < 0.0001)	[69]
Stilbenoids and 2-arylbenzofurans	Oxyresveratrol	Artocarpus lakoocha	BALB/c mice (female)	HSV-1 (7401H)	Cutaneous	P.O.; 500 mg/kg 8 h pre-infection and 3x daily for 7 days after infection	25%	Untreated control: 0% (n.s.)/ACV: 100%	[47]
Terpene	Meliacine (CDM)	Melia azedarach L.	BALB/c mice (female)	HSV-2 MS and G	Intravaginal	Intravaginal topically; 1 mg 2x daily for 5 days	HSV-2 MS: 20% HSV-2 G: 86%	Untreated control: HSV-2 MS: 0%; HSV-2 G: 42%	[70]
			BALB/c mice (female and male)	HSV-1 (KOS)	Corneal	Corneal topically; 3x daily 1 day pre-infection and for 3 days after infection	Development of keratitis: 5%	Untreated control: 90% (p < 0.001)	[71]