Table 2.
Effect of lifestyle factors on the incidence of influenza.
| Lifestyle Factors | Contracted Influenza | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Personal hygiene | |||
| Bathing | 1.09 (0.76–1.56) | 1.25 (0.85–1.83) | 1.20 (0.80–1.79) |
| Smoking | |||
| Previous smoker | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) | 1.33 (0.81–2.21) | 1.35 (0.79–2.30) |
| Smoker, did not smoke on the vaccination day | Not estimated | Not estimated | Not estimated |
| Smoker, smoked on the vaccination day | 1.12 (0.60–2.09) | 1.13 (0.58–2.21) | 1.17 (0.58–2.36) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | 1.12 (0.72–1.72) | 1.15 (0.73–1.80) |
| Caffeine intake | |||
| Yes | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 0.88 (0.62–1.25) |
| Exercise | |||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.37–1.84) | 0.71 (0.30–1.71) | 0.78 (0.33–1.86) |
Model 1. Rough analysis; Model 2. Adjusted for sex/age/underlying conditions; Model 3. Adjusted for sex/age/underlying conditions/lifestyle, CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.