Table 2.
Factors associated with DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV seropositivity.
| Characteristic | DENV | CHIKV | ZIKV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted Prevalence % | Univariate | Multivariate | Weighted Prevalence % | Univariate | Multivariate | Weighted Prevalence % | Univariate | Multivariate | |
| (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 72.2 (68.7–75.5) | Ref | Ref | 18.5 (15.5–22.0) | Ref | Ref | 22.8 (19.5–26.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 73.9 (70.8–76.7) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 22.0 (19.0–25.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) * | 1.1 (1..0–1.3) | 23.8 (21.0–26.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| Age, y | |||||||||
| 2–14 | 52.8 (47.1–58.3) | Ref | Ref | 18.0 (13.2–24.0) | Ref | Ref | 24.7 (19.8–30.3) | Ref | Ref |
| 15–24 | 76.9 (71.6–81.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) *** | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) *** | 24.7 (19.9–30.3) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 25.9 (21.0–31.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| 25–34 | 77.6 (72.7–81.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) *** | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) *** | 23.1 (18.5–28.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 23.6 (19.2–28.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| 35–44 | 79.1 (73.6–83.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) *** | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) *** | 20.3 (16.0–25.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 19.7 (15.8–24.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
| 45–54 | 86.2 (81.3–89.8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) *** | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) *** | 15.7 (12.0–20.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 21.2 (16.5–26.8) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| 55–64 | 85.6 (80.1–89.8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) *** | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) *** | 16.0 (11.5–21.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 18.9 (14.3–24.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
| ≧65 | 90.5 (82.9–95.0) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) *** | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) *** | 23.0 (18.0–35.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 28.3 (20.4–37.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
| Birth place | |||||||||
| French Guiana | 71.5 (68.1–74.7) | Ref | Ref | 17.2 (13.8–21.2) | Ref | Ref | 23.4 (20.2–27.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Surinam | 83.9 (75.8–89.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) *** | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 32.6 (25.2–41.0) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) *** | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) * | 27.0 (20.2–35.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
| Brazil | 76.3 (67.6–83.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) * | 7.8 (4.1–14.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) * | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) * | 19.1 (13.3–26.7) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.3) |
| Other South America | 88.9 (69.6–96.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) *** | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 31.9 (19.9–46.9) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) ** | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) * | 27.6 (17.7–40.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Haïti | 95.1 (90.3–97.6) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) *** | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) * | 48.9 (41.2–56.6) | 2.8 (2.2–3.7) *** | 2.2 (1.6–3.2) *** | 34.3 (27.2–42.3) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) ** | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
| Caribbean island | 94.6 (88.6–97.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) *** | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) *** | 25.3 (17.1–35.8) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) *** | 20.6 (13.5–30.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
| Europe | 46.7 (40.8–52.7) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) *** | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) *** | 6.9 (4.2–11.3) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) *** | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 17.0 (12.4–22.8) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
| Asia | 70.9 (43.3–88.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 15.6 (4.4–42.6) | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) | 1.4 (0.4–5.2) | 4.6 (1.1–17.6) | 0.2 (0.0–0.8) * | 0.2 (0.1–1.0) |
| Africa | 67.9 (43.3–85.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 17.2 (5.3–43.5) | 1.0 (0.3–3.0) | 1.9 (0.6–5.8) | 12.4 (3.1–38.6) | 0.5 (0.1–2.0) | 0.6 (0.2–2.5) |
| Others | 18.0 (2.6–63.9) | 0.3 (0.0–1.4) | 0.2 (0.0–1.1) | 31.7 (4.9–80.5) | 1.8 (0.4–8.3) | 2.4 (0.8–7.7) | 6.1 (0.7–36.6) | 0.3 (0.0–2.0) | 0.2 (0.0–2.0) |
| Region of residence | |||||||||
| Coastal area | 72.5 (69.5–75.2) | Ref | Ref | 18.0 (15.1–21.3) | Ref | Ref | 23.2 (19.4–25.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Low Maroni | 78.6 (73.4–83.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) * | 32.6 (26.2–39.8) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) *** | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) ** | 28.8 (23.4–34.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) * | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) * |
| High Maroni | 67.2 (57.2–75.8) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 25.0 (18.3–33.1) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) ** | 25.4 (17.2–36.0) | 1.14 (0.8–1.7) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) * |
| Low Oyapock | 76.4 (62.8–86.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) * | 12.5 (4.6–29.7) | 0.69 (0.3–1.8) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 27.0 (13.5–9.8) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.9–3.4) |
| High Oyapock | 31.8 (22.7–42.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) *** | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) *** | 1.6 (0.4–6.7) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) *** | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) ** | 3.7 (1.3–6.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) *** | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) ** |
| Interior | 60.6 (41.7–76.7) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.1–6.1) | 0.04 (0.0–0.4) * | 0.1 (0.0–0.7) * | 1.0 (0.1–6.9) | 0.04 (0.0–0.3) * | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) * |
| Type of zone | |||||||||
| Rural | 70.4 (66.7–73.8) | Ref | Ref | 16.9 (14.0–20.2) | Ref | Ref | 19.4 (16.2–23.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Urban | 74.1 (70.9–76.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 21.5 (18.3–25.2) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) * | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) ** | 24.8 (21.7–28.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) * | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) ** |
| Household income, € | |||||||||
| <1000 | 79.9 (75.0–84.1) | Ref | Ref | 31.8 (26.7–37.4) | Ref | Ref | 26.9 (22.2–32.0) | Ref | Ref |
| 1000–2999 | 73.2 (69.1–77.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) * | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 19.9 (14.7–26.4) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) ** | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 24.5 (19.7–29.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| 3000–4999 | 63.8 (56.3–70.8) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) *** | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 8.1 (5.0–12.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) *** | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) ** | 17.7 (12.5–24.3) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) * | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| ≧5000 | 62.0 (52.3–70.9) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) ** | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 8.2 (4.1–15.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) *** | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 15.7 (9.4–25.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) * | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| NP | 75.2 (70.1–79.6) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 21.1 (17.1–25.7) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) ** | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) * | 24.0 (19.8–28.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.26 (0.8–2.0) |
| Health insurance status | |||||||||
| General social coverage | 69.1 (65.8–72.3) | Ref | Ref | 11.9 (9.4–14.9) | Ref | Ref | 20.2 (17.3–23.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Universal health coverage | 75.6 (71.8–79.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) ** | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 26.5 (22.1–31.4) | 2.2 (1.7–3.0) *** | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 25.4 (21.5–29.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) * | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| State medical assistance | 90.0 (81.6–94.9) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) *** | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) * | 51.0 (41.5–60.4) | 4.3 (3.2–5.8) *** | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) ** | 36.5 (27.5–46.6) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) *** | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; Ref = reference group (PR = 1).