| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HDV | Hepatitis D virus |
| NK | Natural killer cells |
| IFN | Interferon |
| ISGs | Interferon-stimulated genes |
| JAK/STAT | Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription |
| DSB | Double-strand breaks |
| PAMP | Pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| PRR | Pattern recognition receptors |
| TLR | Toll-like receptors |
| ssRNA | Single-stranded RNA |
| dsRNA | Double-stranded RNA |
| RIG-I | Retinoic acid-inducible gene I |
| cGAMP | Cyclic GMP-AMP |
| cGAS | Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase |
| AIM2 | Absent in melanoma 2 |
| TIR | Toll/IL-1 receptor |
| TRIF | TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducer interferon-β |
| MAVS | Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein |
| ssDNA | Single-stranded DNA |
| STING | Stimulator of interferon genes |
| ALRs | AIM2-like receptors |
| ASC | Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD |
| 25HC | 25-hydrocholesterol |
| VSV | Vesicular stomatitis virus |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| EBOV | Ebola virus |
| ZIKV | Zika virus |
| NCOA7 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 7 |
| IAV | Influenza A virus |
| DENV | Dengue virus |
| WNV | West Nile virus |
| PKR | Protein kinase R |
| SLFN11 | Schlafen 11 |
| APOBEC | Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like |
| IFI16 | Gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16 |
| IFITM1 | Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 |
| OAS | Oligoadenylate synthetase |
| VACV | Vaccinia virus |
| HCMV | Human cytomegalovirus |
| KSHV | Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus |
| MV | Measles virus |
| LMP1 | Latent membrane protein 1 |
| YFV | Yellow fever virus |
| HDAC | Histone deacetylase |
| SINV | Sin Nombre virus |
| ONNV | o’nyong’nyong virus |
| SINV | Sindbis virus |
| SVV | Seneca Valley virus |
| VEEV | Venezuelan encephalitis virus |
| CHIKV | Chikungunya virus |
| RV | Rotavirus |
| MVA | Modified vaccinia virus Ankara |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| SINV-EEEV | chimeric eastern equine encephalitis virus |
| SeV | Sendai virus |
| m6A | methyl-6-adenosine |
| TTLL12 | Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 12 |