Table 1.
Statistics of measuring parameters, cross reactivity, and the matrix analysed of optical immunosensors for DON and ZON detection.
| Mycotoxin | Method | Detection Range | LOD | Matrix | Selectivity/cross Reactivity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
AFB1
OTA ZON DON |
SPR | 0.99–21.92 ng/mL 1.98–28.22 ng/mL 10.37–103.31 ng/mL 5.31–99.37 ng/mL |
0.59 ng/mL, 1.27 ng/mL, 7.07 ng/mL 3.26 ng/mL |
Spiked corn and wheat | AFB2 19.1% OTB 6.2% α-ZEL 15,3% 15-AcDON 16.2% |
[34] |
|
DON
ZON T-2 |
iSPR | 48–2827 µg/kg 54–790 µg/kg 42–1836 µg/kg |
15 µg/kg 24 µg/kg 12 µg/kg |
wheat | 15-AcDON 150% α-ZEL 104% HT-2 n.s. |
[36] |
|
T-2
T2-G |
iSPR | 1.2 ng/mL 0.9 ng/mL |
spiked wheat | 15-AcDON < 1% HT-2Glc < 1% HT-2 < 1% |
[37] | |
|
AFB1
OTA ZON |
iSPR | 8 pg/mL 30 pg/mL 15 pg/mL |
spiked peanut | n.d. | [38] | |
| DON | OWLS | 0.01–100 ng/mL | 0.005 ng/mL | spiked wheat flour | n.d. | [40] |
| ZON | OWLS | 0.01–1 pg/mL | 0.002 pg/mL | spiked maize | α -ZEL 25.2% Zeranol 12.8% |
[41] |
| ZON | PW | 0.01–1000 ng/mL | 0.01 ng/mL | ZON standard | AFB1 n.s. OTA n.s. |
[42] |
| DON | WLRS | 62.5 μg/kg–12.5 mg/kg | 62.5 μg/kg | spiked maize wheat | 3-AcDON 929% 3DON-Glc 23% |
[44] |
| DON | DON-Chip | 0.01–20 μg/g | 4.7 ng/g | food, feed | n.d. | [45] |
|
ZON
DON |
NIR-based LFIA | 0.012–0.33 ng/mL 0.082–6.7 ng/mL |
0.55 μg/kg 3.8 μg/kg | maize | AFB1 <1% FB1 <1% OTA <1% T-2 <1% |
[46] |
|
DON
OTA AFB1 |
Microfluidic immunoassay | 10 ng/mL 40 ng/mL 0.1 ng/mL |
spiked corn feed | OTA, AFB1 n.s. DON, AFB1 n.s. OTA, DON n.s. |
[47] | |
|
FB1
ZEN T-2 DON AFB1 |
LFIA | 0.5–10 μg/kg 0.25–5 μg/kg 0.3–1 μg/kg 1–20 μg/kg 0.25–0.5 μg/kg |
10 μg/kg 2.5 μg/kg 1.0 μg/kg 10 μg/kg 0.5 μg/kg |
maize | α-ZEL 70.6% Zeranol 32% HT-2 37% 3-AcDON 347% 15-AcDON 34% AFM1 45% |
[48] |
Deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), Deoxynivalenol 3-glucoside (3DON-Glc), Zearalenone (ZON), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) α-zearalanol (Zeranol), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Ochratoxin B (OTB), Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), HT-2-glucoside (HT-2Glc), Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), T-2 glucoside (T2-G), signal is not significant (n.s.), no data (n.d.), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR), optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS), planar waveguide (PW), white light reflectance spectroscopy (WLRS), near-infrared fluorescence-based lateral flow immunosensor (NIR-based LFIA).