Table 2.
Main phytochemicals found in the species of the genus Viburnum.
| Viburnum spp. | Phytoconstituents | Type of extract | Part of plant | Biological activities | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V. arboricolum | Viburolide | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. ayavacense | 7,10,2′,3′-Tetraacetylsuspensolide F, 7,10,2′,3′-tetraacetylisosuspensolide F, 7,10,2′,6′-tetraacetylisosuspensolide F, 2′,3′-diacetylvalerosidate, 2′,3′-diacetylisovalerosidate, isoviburtinoside II, isoviburtinoside III, isosuspensolide E, isosuspensolide F. | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. awabuki | 6-O-methyl-6,7-dihydroxyvibsanin B, 4-hydroxyvibsanin A, 14(R∗),15-epoxyneovibsanin B, 14(S∗),15-epoxyneovibsanin B, (8Z)-neovibsanin B, 18-O-methylvibsanin C, (8Z)-vibsanin E. | — | Leaves | — | [29] |
| Vibsanin G, vibsanin H, vibsanin K, vibsanin O, vibsanin P, vibsanin Q, vibsanin R, vibsanin S, vibsanin T, vibsanin U, vibsanin V, vibsanin W, furanovibsanin A, furanovibsanin B, furanovibsanin C, furanovibsanin D, furanovibsanin E, furanovibsanin F, furanovibsanin G, neovibsanin A, neovibsanin B, neovibsanin C, neovibsanin D, neovibsanin G, neovibsanin H, neovibsanin I, spirovibsanin A, 7-epineovibsanin D, 3-O-methylfuranovibsanin A, 7-epifuranovibsanin B, 15,18-di-O-methylvibsanin H, 18-O-methylvibsanin K, cyclovibsanin A, 15-O-methylcyclovibsanin A, 15-O-methylcyclovibsanin B, 3-hydroxy-15-O-methylcyclovibsanin A, 15-O-methylneovibsanin F, 15-O-methyl-14-epineovibsanin F, 15-O-methyl-18-oxoneovibsanin F, 2-O-methylneovibsanin H, 2-O-methylneovibsanin I, 14-epineovibsanin G, 5-epivibsanin C, 5-epivibsanin E, 5-epivibsanin H, 5-epivibsanin K, 18-O-methyl-5-epivibsanin K, 3-hydroxyvibsanin E, 3b,28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-1-one, 3b,28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-11-one, 13,28-epoxyolean-11-en-3-one, 6a-hydroxy-3-oxolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, Ψ-taraxasterol acetate, 6b-hydroxy-3,20-dioxo-30-norlupan-28-oic acid, 4,20-dihydroxy-3,4-secolupane 3,28-dioic acid 3-methyl ester, awabukinol, 3-hydroperoxyawabukinol, 4-hydroperoxyawabukinol, epicatechin, catechin, 7R-dihydrodehydrodiconferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 8R-dihydrodehydrodiconferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, vibsanol, 9′-O-methylvibsanol, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, 3′,6'′-O-diacetylscopolin, 2′-O-acetylscopolin, 6′-O-acetylscopolin | — | Leaves and twigs | — | [31] | |
| V. betulifolium | Viburnalloside, decapetaloside | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. chinshanence | Lignan, chinshanol A. | — | Roots | — | [63] |
| V. coriaceum | Phytosterols, triterpenoids, phenolics, phenolic glycosides | — | Roots | — | [64] |
| V. cotinifolium | Biflavonoid | Petrol, benzene and methanol | Leaves | — | [65] |
| V. cylindricum | 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| 2′-O-Acetylhenryoside, 2',3'-di-O-acetylhenryoside, 2′,6′-di-O-acetylhenryoside, 2′,3′,6′-tri-O-acetylhenryoside, 2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetylhenryoside, 2-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-[(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]benzoic acid | Methanolic extract | Leaves and stems | — | [66] | |
| V. dilatatum | Viburnol A, viburnol B, viburnol C, viburnol D, viburnol E, viburnol F, viburnol G, viburnol H, viburnol I, viburnol J, viburnol K, viburnudienone B1 methyl ester, viburnudienone B2 methyl ester, viburnenone B1 methyl ester, viburnenone B2 methyl ester, viburnudienone H1, viburnudienone H2, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl 6-O-(E)-caffeoyl- β-D-glucopyranoside, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexyl 6-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, arbutin, furcatin, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl 6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1 → 6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, p-hydroxyphenyl 6-O-(E)-caffeoyl- β-D-glucopyranoside, p-hydroxyphenyl 6-O-(E)-caffeoyl- β-D -allopyranoside, salidroside, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, dilaspirolactone, kuromanin | — | Leaves and twigs | — | [31] |
| Jiamizioside E, jiamizioside A, jiamizioside B, jiamizioside C, jiamizioside D | — | Fruits | — | ([67]; [68]) | |
| Cyanidin 3-sambubioside, 5-caffeoyl quinic acid | — | Fruits | — | [69] | |
| Cyanidin 3-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, quercetin, 5-O-caffeoyl-4-methoxyl quinic acid, chlorogenic acid. | — | Fruits | — | [3] | |
| Cyanidin 3-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, 4-methoxy chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin | — | Fruits | — | [70] | |
| 3Z-Hexenol, l-linalool | — | Flower | — | [71] | |
| 2-(-Glucopyranosyloxy)-benzyl 3-(-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoate | — | Roots | — | [72] | |
| V. erosum | 7-O-Tigloylsecologanolic acid, 7-ketologanin, 7-O-benzoylsecologanolic acid, 7-ketologanin | Methanolic, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water | Stems | — | [73] |
| Vibruresinol, (70 R,8S,80 S)-3,50-dimethoxy-30,4,80,90 -tetrahydroxy70,9-epoxy-8,80–lignan, (+)-syringaresinol, (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, herpetol, vibsanol, (-)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, icariside E4, (-)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol | Methanolic extract | Stems | Neuroprotective activity on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells | [74] | |
| Loganic acid, sweroside, 7-O-tigloylsecologanol, 3,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-cyclopenta[c] pyran-4-carboxylic acid, rel-(1S,5R,9S)-9-ethenyl-1-(beta-D-glucopyrinosyloxy)-5,9-dihydro-5-{2-[(2-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy]ethyl}-1H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid, viburnin, epi-7-O-tigloylsecologanolic acid. | Methanolic extract | Stems | — | [75] | |
| V. erubescens | Phytosterols, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds and their glycosides | — | Roots | — | [64] |
| Phytosterols, triterpenoids, glycosides (saponins), phenolic compounds (flavonoids and procyanidins) | Soxhlet method | Leaves and stems | — | [76] | |
| V. fordiae Hance | (7S,8R)-4-Hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,7′,9-triol, (7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,7′,9-triol, (7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,9,9′-triol-7′-one, γ-lactone, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-pentanolide, uvaol, 28-nor-urs-12-ene-3b,17b-diol, 2,3-O-isopropylidenyl-2a,3a,19a-trihydroxyurs-12- en-28-oic acid, erythrodiol, oleanolic acid, lupeol, megastigmadien-3,9-dione, loliolide, dehydrololiolide, 2a-hydroxycineole, (+)-isolariciresinol, umbelliferone, 3-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1- methoxypropan-2-ol, coniferyl aldehyde, p-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde, (+)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheny) propan-1-one, syringaldehyde, protocatechuate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, salicylic acid, benzyl alcohol, hydroquinone | — | Aerial parts | — | ([77]; [78]) |
| 7,8-bis-O-Isopropylidene-dihydroeugenol | — | Air-dried plants | — | [79] | |
| Fordioside, alangilignoside D, salicin, rhapontigenin | — | Leaves | — | [67] | |
| C-13-Norisoprenoid, alangionoside C, pisumionoside, koaburaside, 3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl- β-D -glucopyranoside, arbutin, salidroside, (3R,9R)-3-hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-β-ionyl 9-O-α-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) syringylpropane-1,3-diol | — | Stems | — | [80] | |
| Norneolignan glycoside, 7-noraryl-4′,7-epoxy-8,5′-neolignan glycoside, (7R,8R)-guaiacylglycerol 4-O-β-D -(6-O-vanilloyl) glucopyranoside, (7S,8S)-guaiacylglycerol 4-O- β-D-(6-O-vanilloyl) glucopyranoside, (7S,8R)-guaiacylglycerol 4-O-β-D-(6-O-vanilloyl) glucopyranoside, coniferyl alcohol 4-O-[6-O- (4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)vanilloyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside | — | Stems | — | ([77]; [78]) | |
| Viburfordoside A, viburfordoside B, viburfordoside C, viburfordoside D, viburfordoside E, viburfordoside F, viburfordoside G, viburfordoside H, viburfordoside I. Fordiane A, fordiane B |
— | Fruits | — | [81] | |
| V. formosanum | Dioxatricyclodecane | Methanolic extract, ethyl acetate | Leaves | — | [82] |
| V. furcatum | Furcatoside A, furcatoside B, furcatoside C, isoquercitroside, kaempferol 3-O-b-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-a-l-rhamnoside, furcatin, | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. grandifolium | Luteolin, 3′-O-b-d-xylopyranosyl (1 → 2)-O-b-d-glucopyranoside | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. japonicum | 2′,3′-O-Diacetylfurcatoside C, chavicol | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. lantana | 2′-Acetyldihydropenstemide, 2′-acetylpatrinoside, 3′-acetylpatrinoside, lantanoside, dihydropenstemide, betulalbuside A. | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| 2-Heptanone, n-heptanal, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-pentylfuran, 2, 4 heptadienal, n-octanal, limonene, n-octanol, cis-linalool oxide, L-linalool, n-nonanal, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, n-decanal, 2E, 4E-nonadienal, 2E-decanal, cinnamaldehyde, 2E, 4Z-decadienal, 2E, 4E-decadienal, α-cubebene, α-copaene, β-bourbonene, E-caryophyllene, β-copaene, geranyl acetone, γ-murolene, α-amorphene, germacrene D, β-ionone, α-muurolene, γ-cadinene, Δ-cadinene, trans-cadina-1, 4-diene, α-calacorene, occidentalol, E-nerolidol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, salvial-4(14)-en-1-one, γ-eudesmol, α-muurolol, β-eudesmol, α-cadinol, occidenol, eudesma-4(15,7-dien-1-β-ol, pentadecanal, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, nonadecane, n-heneicosane, n-docosane, n-tricosane | Hydrodistillation | Air-dried whole plants | Antimicrobial activity | [83] | |
| V. luzonicum | Luzonial A, luzonial B, luzonoside A, luzonoside B, luzonidial A, luzonidial B, luzonoside C, luzonoside D, luzonoid A, luzonoid B, luzonoid C, luzonoid D, luzonoid E, luzonoid F, luzonoid G, | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. macrocephalum | Methyl (2-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)acetate, methyl (2R-3-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)glycerate, methyl (3R-4-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxy)butanoate, bridelionoside B (4), (6S,7E,9R)-roseoside, linarionoside A, 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6-dodecadien-3,10,11-triol, (+)-8-hydroxylinalool, beta-sitosterol and daucosterol | Ethanolic extract | Branch | Insecticidal and antimicrobial activities | [61] |
| Apigenin-7-O-[6-O-(5-methoxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxovaleryl)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)- β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-crotonyl)- β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, (+)-naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (–)-naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, afzelin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | Ethanolic extract | Branch | — | [84] | |
| V. melanocarpum | (7R,8S)-Guaiacylglycerol4-O-β-D-(6-O-vanilloyl) glucopyranoside. | Ethanolic extract | Fruits | Intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity | [85] |
| (−)-(7R,7′R,8S,8′S)-Pinoresinol 4′-O-β-dglucopyranosyl-4-O-(6-O-vanilloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, (7′E,7S,8R)-7,9,9′-trihydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan-4-O-[6-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)vanilloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside, pinoresinol 4,4′-O-β-dglucopyranoside, pinoresinol 4′-O-β-d-glucoside, syringaresinol 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside | Ethanolic extract | Stems | Inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase | [86] | |
| (7R,8S)-Syringylglycerol 8-O--D-allopyranoside, (7S,8S)-syringylglycerol 8-O--D-allopyranoside. | Ethanolic extract | Stems | Radical scavenging and glucosidase inhibitory activities | [87] | |
| V. odoratissimum | Vibsane, vibsanol I, 15-hydroperoxyvibsanol A, 14-hydroperoxyvibsanol B, 15-O-methylvibsanin U, 5,6-dihydrovibsanin B, 14,18-O-diacetyl-15-O-methylvibsanin U, vibsanin K | — | Leaves | — | [88] |
| Vibsane, vibsanin B, vibsanin F, neovibsanin B, neovibsanin | — | — | — | [89] | |
| Vibsanin I, vibsanin L, 14-hydroxyvibsanin F, 14R∗,15-epoxyvibsanin C, 14S∗,15-epoxyvibsanin C | — | Leaves | — | [90] | |
| Vibsanol C, vibsanol D, vibsanol E, vibsanol F, vibsanol G, vibsanol H, vibsanin X | — | Leaves and twigs | — | [91] | |
| Vibsanin A, vibsanin B, vibsanin C, vibsanin D, vibsanin E, vibsanin F, vibsanin I, vibsanin L, vibsanin M, aldovibsanin A, aldovibsanin B, aldovibsanin C, 7-epialdovibsanin A, 5-epivibsanin G, 18-O-methylvibsanin G, 14-hydroxyvibsanin F, (14R∗)-14,15-epoxyvibsanin C, (14S∗)-14,15-epoxyvibsanin C, vibsanol A, vibsanol B, 6β-hydroxy-3-oxolup-20(29)-ene-27,28-dioic acid, 6α-hydroxy-3-oxolup-20(29)-ene-27,28-dioic acid, quercetine. | — | Leaves and twigs | — | [31] | |
| Vibsanin C, vibsanin H, dehydrovibsanin G, vibsanol, 9-aldehydevibsanol, (+)-9′-O-senecioyllariciresinol, (8Z)-10-epi-vibsanin C, (+)-9′-O-isovaleryllariciresinol | — | Leaves and branch | — | [92] | |
| 5-epi-Vibsanin G, 18-O-methylvibsanin G, vibsanin M, aldovibsanin C | — | Leaves and flowers | — | [93] | |
| Vibsanin B, vibsanin E, vibsanol A, vibsanol B, 6β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-oxo-27,28-dioic acid, 6α-hydroxylup-20-(29)-en-3-oxo-27,28-dioic acid, 6α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-oxo-28-oic acid | — | Leaves and flowers | — | [94] | |
| Benzaldehyde, exo-2-methylnorbornane, cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), linalool, nonanal, isophorone, 4-oxoisophorone, trans-linalool oxide (pyranoid), methyl salicylate, decanal, methyl nonanoate, eucarvone, 1-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]-ethanone, nonanoic acid, methyl geranate, methyl o-anisate, α-ionone, geranyl acetone, pentadecane, hexadecane, β-eudesmol, heptadecane, methyl eudesmate, octadecane, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phthalic acid, decyl isobutyl ester, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate, heneicosane, docosane | — | Flowers | — | [95] | |
| β-Amyrin, α-amyrin, stigmasta-4-en-3-one, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, Olean-12-en-3-one, lupeol, 3-hydroxyolean-12-en-1-one, 3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-ol, 3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3,28-dihydroxyolean-12-ene, 3,28-dihydroxyurs-12-ene, 28-hydroxyolean-12-en-3-one, trans-phytol, betulin | — | Roots | — | [96] | |
| V. opulus | Ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total anthocyanin | — | Leaves | — | [97] |
| Methyl pentanoate, 3Z -Hexen-1-ol, n-heptanal, 2-pentylfuran, phenyl acetaldehyde, linalool oxide, terpinolene, L-linalool, n-nonanal, 2E, 6Z-nonadienal, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, myrtenol, n-decanal, trans-carveol, geraniol, 2E-decanal, 2E, 4Z–decadienal, 2E, 4E-decadienal, α-copaene, rans-β-damascenone, trans-α-ambrinol, α-amorphene, germacrene D, β-ionone, γ-cadinene, Δ-cadinene, trans-cadina-1, 4-diene, α-calacorene, ledol, tetradecanal, α-muurolol, α-cadinol, pentadecanal, manool, n-heneicosane, phytol, n-docosane, n-tricosane | — | Air-dried whole plants | — | [83] | |
| Chlorogenic acid | — | Fruits | — | [98] | |
| Gallic acid, procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, quercetin, anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside | — | Fruits | [99] | ||
| Coumaroyl-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid dimer, procyanidin B2, catechin, procyanidin trimer epicatechin, proanthocyanidin dimer monoglycoside, quercetin-hexose + pentose, rutin, quercetin-hexose, quercetin-deoxyhexose | — | Fruits | — | [100] | |
| Quinic acid, catechin dimer, catechin, chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid), procyanidin C1, epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) | — | Fruits | — | [101] | |
| Ethyl alcohol, 1-propano, 2-butanone, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, isobutanol, 2-pentanone, 3-methyl-1-butano, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-hexanone, 2-hexanol, hexanal, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, 2-methyl-butanoic acid, 3-hexen-1-ol (Z), 1-hexanol, 2-heptanone, 2-heptanol, heptanal, 3-methyl-pentanoic acid, 1-heptanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-octanone, ethyl hexanoate, 2-octano, octanal, hexyl acetate, a-terpinene, p-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), 2-nonanone, linalool L, nonanal, dill ether, α-terpineol, ethyl decanoate, β-caryophyllene (E) | — | Fruits | — | [101] | |
| Gallic acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin C | — | Fruits | — | [102] | |
| L-Malic acid, L-ascorbic acid, oxalic acid | — | Fruits | — | [103] | |
| Chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and six different glucosides of quercetin. | — | Fruits | — | [104] | |
| Chlorogenic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, quinic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside. | — | Fruits, flowers, and bark | — | [34] | |
| β-Sitosterol, stigmasterol, colesterol, α-amyrin-urs-12-en-3-β-ol, β-amyrin-Olean-12-en-3-β-ol, lupeol, 3-keto-urs-12-ene, 3-keto-Olean-12-ene, A:D-neoolean-12,14-diene, A-neoolean-5,12-diene | — | Seeds | — | [105] | |
| V. orientale | Chlorogenic acid. | Methanolic extract and aqueous | Fruit, leaf, and branch | Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant effect | [106] |
| Betulalbuside A, anatolioside E, betulalbuside B, anatolioside, anatolioside A, anatolioside B, anatolioside C, anatolioside D, | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] | |
| V. phlebotrichum | Phlebotrichin, p-hydroquinone, arbutin, | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. plicatum | Dideoxyplicatumoside A, erythro-syringylglycerol-β-O-4′-(+)-isoeucommin A 4″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, | — | Leaves | — | [107] |
| Plicatumoside A, (+)-neomedioresinol 4,4′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-neomedioresinol 4,40-O-di-β-D-glucopyranoside | — | Leaves | — | [108] | |
| 7-O-Tigloylsecologanol, 7-O-tigloylsecologanolic anolic acid, 3′-O-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]henryoside, (4R)-α-terpineol O-β-D-glucopyranoside2), (7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside2), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside2), quercetin 3-O-robinobioside2), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside2), kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside2), kaempferol 3-orutinoside2). | Methanolic extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, water | Leaves | — | [109] | |
| V. propinquum | (3,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-trans-chalcone), (3,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-trans-chalcone-2′-O-β-D-glucoside), quercetin, (+)-dihydroquercetin, eriodictyol, taraxerol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-ursene, ursolic acid, daucosterol, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxy-dihydrochalcone, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxy-dihydrochalcone-2′-O-β-D-glucoside. | — | Leaves and stems | Antioxidant activity | [110] |
| V. prunifolium | Scopoletin | — | Haw | Antispasmodics | [111] |
| 2′-Acetyldihydropenstemide, 2′-acetylpatrinoside, patrinoside, 2′-(E)-p-coumaroyldihydropenstemide | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] | |
| V. punctatum | Phytosterols, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds and their glycosides | — | Roots | — | [64] |
| V. rhytidophyllum | Ursolic acid, 7,10,2′-triacetylpatrinoside, 7-p-coumaroylpatrinoside, 10-acetylpatrinoside, catechin, arbutin, henryoside, salicin, viburnine | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. sargentii | (-)-Epicatechin, 5,7,4-trihydroxy-flavonoid-8-C--d-glucopyranoside, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3--l-rhamnopyranoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propane-diol (erythro), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3--l-rhamnopyranoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol (threo), (R)-4-hydroxylphenol O-(6-O-oleuropeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside, (R)-3-methoxy-4-hydroxylphenolO-(6-O-oleuropeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. | Ethanolic extract and aqueous | Fruits | Antioxidant activity | [112] |
| V. suspensum | Neovibsanin, vibsanins B, vibsanins F, vibsanin F, neovibsanin B. | — | — | — | [89] |
| Neovibsanin F, gomojoside A, gomojoside B, gomojoside C, gomojoside D, gomojoside E, gomojoside F, gomojoside G, gomojoside H, gomojoside I, gomojoside J, gomojoside K, gomojoside L, gomojoside M, gomojoside N, gomojoside O, gomojoside P, gomojoside Q, 3-oxooleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid, 24-hydroxy-3-oxooleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid, 6β-hydroxy-3-oxooleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid, 2′,6′-O-diacetylscopolin. | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] | |
| V. tinus | 3-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosideoleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-(β-D-glucuronopyranosyl)oleanolic acid, 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, oleanolic acid, viburtinoside A, viburtinoside B, viburtinoside I, viburtinoside II, viburtinoside III, viburtinoside IV, viburtinoside V, suspensolide F, suspensolide A, isoquercitroside, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetine, nobiletin, rutin, afzelin, scopoletin 7-O-sophoroside, 2,6-Di-C-methylnicotinic acid 3,5-diethyl ester | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. urceolatum | α-Amyrin palmitate, lupeol palmitate, β-amyrin acetate, ursolic acid, urceolatoside A, urceolatoside B, urceolatoside C, urceolatoside D, urceolide, | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |
| V. wrightii | α-Amyrin palmitate, ursolic acid, astragalin, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, arbutin, p-hydroxypheny β-D-allopyranoside, 6-O-acetylarbutin, 4′-hydroxycinnamic acid, viburnolides A, viburnolides B, viburnolides C | — | Leaves and twigs | Antitumor effects | [31] |