Table 2.

HER performance doped with different elements at 1.0 M KOH

Catalysts	Doped elements	Loading (mg cm−2)	η10 (mV)	TOF/s−1	References
P-Ru/C	P	0.03	31	N/A	[31]
S-RuP@NPSC	N, P, S	0.36	92	N/A	[36]
Ru@CN	N	0.25	32	N/A	[29]
Ru NCs/BNG	B, N	0.71	14	N/A	[33]
Ru/S-rGO	S	0.5	3	1.86 @ 50 mV	[28]
RuNi/CQDs	Ni	0.42	13	5.03 @ 100 mV	[32]
2DPC-RuMo	Mo	0.32	18	3.57 @ 50 mV	[47]
RuCo@NC	Co	0.28	28	N/A	[41]
3D RuCu NCs	Cu	1.33	18	N/A	[49]