Skip to main content
. 2021 Jul 26;376(1833):20200102. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0102

Table 1.

Summary of the current knowledge on presence/absence of dosage balance across animals. Animal species are split to groups reflecting putative independent origins of sex chromosomes (see [2932] for evidence on homology of sex chromosomes in dipteran insects). Most evidence was taken from the review by Gu & Walters [6], supplemented by newer data (references by the individual species in the table).

male heterogamety female heterogamety
dosage balance viviparous mammals Bos taurus butterflies/moths Bombyx mori
Gorilla gorilla Cydia pomonella
Homo sapiens Danaus plexippus [17]
Macaca mulatta Heliconius melpomene
Mus musculus Manduca sexta
Ovis aries [33] Plodia interpunctella
Pan paniscus brine shrimps Artemia franciscana [18]
Pan troglodytes
Monodelphis domestica
green anole Anolis carolinensis
swamp guppy Poecilia picta [34]
fruitflies Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila miranda
Drosophila pseudoobscura
stalk-eyed flies Teleopsis dalmanni
Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina
mosquitos Anopheles gambiae
Anopheles stephensi
hemipteran insects Acyrthosiphon pisum
Halyomorpha halys
Homalodisca vitripennis
Oncopeltus fasciatus
beetle + strepsipteran insect Tribolium castaneum
Xenos vesparum
roundworms Caenorhabditis elegans
Pristionchus pacificus
lack of dosage balance platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus birds Charadrius alexandrinus
brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus [12,13] Corvus corone
Burton's legless lizard Lialis burtonis (this study) Ficedula albicollis
three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Gallus gallus
Taeniopygia guttata
Florida softshell turtle Apalone ferox [19]
Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis [16]
caenophidian snakes Sistrurus miliarius
Thamnophis elegans
tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis
blood flukes Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni