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. 2021 May 4;45(8):1656–1667. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00823-4

Fig. 4. Treatment of bvPLA2 does not directly affect adipocytes but alters macrophage polarization.

Fig. 4

M1- and M2-differentiated BMDMs were treated with bvPLA2, and their respective marker gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. mRNA expression levels of A M1-phenotypic markers TNF-α and IL-12a, and the M2-phenotypic marker Ym1 and CD206. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with bvPLA2 (0–10 µg) (B) and stained with oil red O (C). Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were cocultured with BMDMs during bvPLA2 treatment for 24 h and these cocultured cells were stained with oil red O (D). Data are normalized to the absorbance of the 0 µg group. All data are represented as the means ± SEMs; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0001 compared with the LPS only treated group; ###P < 0.0001 compared with the LPS 0.1 treated group; $$$P < 0.0001 compared with the LPS-treated group; n = 3.