Table 1.
Egg proteins and peptides with immunomodulatory activity.
| Protein | Peptides-making enzymes | Biological activity | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ovalbumin | Pepsin, chymotrypsin | Immunomodulation | - Stimulate TNF-secretion - Increase IL-12,IL-17 and IL-10 production and decreased IL-4 |
(47) |
| Ovotransferrin | Thermolysin, pepsin | Immunomodulation | - Stimulate IL-6 production - Increase proinflammatory cytokines production |
(48) |
| Ovomucin | Alcalase, pronase, papain | Immunomodulation | - Stimulate macrophages activity | (49) |
| Cystatin | Immunomodulation | - Induce TNF, IL-10 synthesis | (50) | |
| Lysozyme | Immunomodulation, antimicrobial | - Stimulate immunoglobulinsproduction and improve chronic sinusitis and bronchitis - Increase proinflammatory cytokine production |
(51) | |
| Livetin | Pepsin, acalase | Immunomodulation | - Suppress proinflammatory cytokines production | (52) |
| IgG1 | Papain, Peroxidase | Immunomodulationantimicrobial | Inhibit bacterial metabolism by blocking enzymes Stimulate immunoglobulins production Suppress viral and toxin production |
(52) |
| IgG2 | Papain, Peroxidase | Immunomodulationantimicrobial | Inhibit bacterial metabolism by blocking enzymes Suppress viral and toxin production Stimulate immunoglobulins production |
(52) |
| IgM | Peroxidase | Immunomodulationantimicrobial | Inhibit bacterial metabolism by blocking enzymes Suppress viral and toxin production |
(53) |
| IgA | Peroxidase | Immunomodulationantimicrobial | Inhibit bacterial metabolism by blocking enzymes Suppress viral and toxin production |
(54) |
| Yolkin | vitellogenin | ImmunomodulationAntioxidative, Neuroprotective | Immunoglobulins production Increase proinflammatory cytokine production Inhibition of free radical generation |
(55) |