Table 3.

Sleep Parameters Derived from Actigraph Across Study Time Points

Outcomes	TA (N=70)		SA (N=70)		P-valueb	Between-Group ES (95% CI)c
	Estimated Mean ± SEa	Change from Baseline, Mean ± SE	Estimated Mean ± SEa	Change from Baseline, Mean ± SE
Sleep parameters derived by actigraphy
Sleep Efficiency, %
Baseline	84.74 ± 0.84		85.29 ± 0.84
1-week Posttreatment	85.50 ± 0.86	0.76 ± 0.68	85.95 ± 0.84	0.66 ± 0.57	0.92	0.02 (−0.31 to 0.35)
5-week Posttreatment	85.65 ± 0.86	0.91 ± 0.59	86.19 ± 0.85	0.90 ± 0.62	0.97	0.00 (−0.33 to 0.33)
Sleep Onset Latency, min
Baseline	19.96 ± 1.65		23.55 ± 1.84
1-week Posttreatment	19.73 ± 1.69	−0.23 ± 1.25	20.52 ± 1.86	−3.03 ± 1.71	0.19	−0.22 (−0.55 to 0.11)
5-week Posttreatment	19.74 ± 1.70	−0.21 ± 1.32	21.85 ± 1.88	−1.70 ± 1.83	0.52	−0.11 (−0.44 to 0.22)
Wake After Sleep Onset, min
Baseline	35.17 ± 3.17		34.09 ± 3.01
1-week Posttreatment	34.62 ± 3.24	−0.56 ± 2.51	32.78 ± 3.03	−1.31 ± 2.16	0.82	−0.04 (−0.37 to 0.29)
5-week Posttreatment	31.59 ± 3.22	−3.58 ± 2.06	30.12 ± 3.05	−3.97 ± 2.39	0.91	−0.02 (−0.35 to 0.31)
Total Sleep Time, min
Baseline	394.91 ± 6.43		413.35 ± 6.22
1-week Posttreatment	403.10 ± 6.63	8.19 ± 6.18	402.74 ± 6.27	−10.61 ± 5.14	0.02	0.40 (0.06 to 0.73)
5-week Posttreatment	401.31 ± 6.63	6.40 ± 5.63	407.09 ± 6.34	−6.26 ± 6.11	0.12	0.26 (−0.08 to 0.59)

Notes: ^aEstimated mean and standard error from linear mixed-effects model. ^bP-value for group by time interaction of mean score using linear mixed-effects models. ^cBetween-group effect size calculation was based on the between-group difference in the mean changes from baseline divided by a pooled standard deviation. A positive sign was used to denote a superior effect in the TA group to the SA group.

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; ES, Effect Size; SA, Sham-acupuncture; SE, Standard Error; TA, Traditional-acupuncture.