Table 3.
Effect of treatment on putative mediators
| Befriending (n=66) | The Feeling Safe Programme (n=64) | Adjusted difference*(95% CI, SE); p value | Cohen d (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Possibility of being mistaken† | ||||
| Baseline | 19·92 (20·90), n=66 | 19·20 (21·21), n=64 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 36·80 (28·07), n=61 | 48·11 (34·65), n=61 | 13·92 (4·47); p=0·002 (5·17 to 22·68) | 0·66 (0·25 to 1·08) |
| 12 months | 35·05 (30·76), n=62 | 47·16 (33·98), n=57 | 12·53 (4·52); p=0·006 (3·67 to 21·40) | 0·60 (0·17 to 1·02) |
| Vulnerability† | ||||
| Baseline | 75·15 (23·26), n=66 | 72·28 (24·07), n=64 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 63·7 (26·89), n=62 | 49·31 (32·24), n=61 | −12·67 (4·73); p=0·007 (−21·94 to −3·40) | −0·54 (−0·93 to −0·14) |
| 12 months | 56·73 (2733), n=62 | 47·77 (31·07), n=57 | −7·20 (4·81); p=0·134 (−16·63 to 2·23) | −0·30 (−0·70 to 0·09) |
| BCSS positive others† | ||||
| Baseline | 9·60 (4·14), n=65 | 9·11 (4·90), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 10·05 (4·17), n=61 | 12·20 (5·96), n=54 | 2·24 (0·71); p=0·002 (0·84 to 3·64) | 0·50 (0·19 to 0·81) |
| 12 months | 9·98 (4·41), n=59 | 11·15 (5·40), n=52 | 0·98 (0·73); p=0·176 (−0·44 to 2·40) | 0·22 (−0·10 to 0·53) |
| Insomnia† | ||||
| Baseline | 14·02 (6·36), n=65 | 13·52 (7·4), n=61 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 12·25 (6·81), n=60 | 8·5 (6·21), n=52 | −2·98 (0·97); p=0·002 (−4·88 to −1·09) | −0·43 (−0·71 to −0·16) |
| 12 months | 13·32 (6·60), n=57 | 10·17 (6·78), n=52 | −2·02 (0·97); p=0·037 (−3·92 to −0·13) | −0·29 (−0·57 to −0·02) |
| PSWQ total (worry)† | ||||
| Baseline | 63·26 (11·27), n=65 | 62·58 (10·68), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 57·35 (12·78), n=60 | 54·25 (15·51), n=52 | −3·33 (1·67); p=0·046 (−6·59 to −0·06) | −0·30 (−0·60 to −0·01) |
| 12 months | 58·30 (12·21), n=57 | 54·65 (11·34), n=52 | −3·11 (1·68); p=0·064 (−6·40 to 0·18) | −0·28 (−0·58 to 0·02) |
| BCSS negative self† | ||||
| Baseline | 11·98 (5·77), n=65 | 11·81 (5·31), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 9·11 (5·79), n=61 | 7·78 (5·84), n=54 | −1·63 (0·78); p=0·038 (−3·16 to −0·09) | −0·29 (−0·57 to −0·02) |
| 12 months | 9·53 (6·27), n=58 | 8·46 (5·84), n=52 | −1·15 (0·80); p=0·151 (−2·72 to 0·42) | −0·21 (−0·49 to 0·08) |
| Jumping to conclusions† | ||||
| Baseline | 4·14 (4·47), n=63 | 3·50 (3·2), n=56 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 4·98 (4·62), n=55 | 3·57 (3·34), n=51 | −1·12 (0·55); p=0·041 (−2·20 to −0·05) | −0·28 (−0·56 to −0·01) |
| 12 months | 4·49 (3·91), n=51 | 4·08 (3·26), n=39 | −0·19 (0·58); p=0·750 (−1·33 to 0·96) | −0·05 (−0·34 to 0·24) |
| BCSS positive self‡ | ||||
| Baseline | 7·35 (4·65), n=66 | 7·84 (5·17), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 8·43 (5·15), n=61 | 9·93 (5·53), n=54 | 1·26 (0·74); p=0·088 (−0·19 to 2·70) | 0·26 (−0·04 to 0·55) |
| 12 months | 9·09 (4·73), n=58 | 9·19 (6·23), n=52 | −0·48 (0·76); p=0·527 (−1·96 to 1·00) | −0·10 (−0·40 to 0·20) |
| BCSS negative others‡ | ||||
| Baseline | 13·89 (5·33), n=64 | 14·34 (5·15), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 9·74 (6·39), n=61 | 8·87 (6·40), n=54 | −1·30 (0·79); p=0·097 (−2·84 to 0·24) | −0·25 (−0·54 to 0·04) |
| 12 months | 11·32 (6·17), n=59 | 9·08 (6·56), n=52 | −2·34 (0·80); p=0·003 (−3·90 to −0·78) | −0·45 (−0·75 to −0·15) |
| Safety beliefs‡ | ||||
| Baseline | 37·88 (29·64), n=65 | 37·75 (26·34), n=64 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 50·67 (28·71), n=63 | 55·62 (29·41), n=61 | 6·52 (4·46); p=0·144 (−2·23 to 15·27) | 0·23 (−0·08 to 0·55) |
| 12 months | 49·03 (29·47), n=62 | 57·00 (28·58), n=57 | 8·09 (4·54); p=0·075 (−0·80 to 16·99) | 0·29 (−0·03 to 0·61) |
| Safety behaviours‡ | ||||
| Baseline | 34·14 (16·58), n=65 | 33·85 (16·91), n=62 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 21·98 (16·54), n=58 | 19·85 (18·49), n=52 | −2·22 (2·40); p=0·355 (−6·93 to 2·48) | −0·13 (−0·42 to 0·15) |
| 12 months | 20·78 (15·46), n=54 | 18·73 (13·35), n=45 | −1·41 (2·51); p=0·574 (−6·34 to 3·51) | −0·08 (−0·38 to 0·21) |
| Anomalous experiences‡ | ||||
| Baseline | 21·80 (15·02), n=65 | 22·38 (14·63), n=64 | .. | .. |
| 6 months | 15·57 (12·87), n=61 | 16·34 (14·93), n=59 | −0·76 (1·46); p=0·604 (−3·61 to 2·10) | −0·05 (−0·24 to 0·14) |
| 12 months | 14·37 (12·97), n=60 | 19·16 (15·61), n=57 | 2·02 (1·48); p=0·171 (−0·87 to 4·92) | 0·14 (−0·06 to 0·33) |
Data are unadjusted mean (SD) or n (%), unless otherwise specified. BCSS=Brief Core Schema Scales. PSWQ=Penn State Worry Questionnaire.
*
Adjusted for baseline score, therapist, interaction of timepoint with treatment allocation, and for including a random effect at the individual level.
†
End of treatment statistically significant findings.
‡
End of treatment non-statistically significant findings.