Table 1.
Pertinent laboratory results by clinical course progression, including prenatal visit and first and second hospital admissions for COVID-19 positive primigravida who died on PPD 22, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| Variable | Reference range |
Laboratory results* | ||||
| First admission† | Second admission‡ | |||||
| Prenatal visit | PPD 0–2 | PPD 11–14 | PPD 15–18 | PPD 19–22 | ||
| Prenatal laboratory tests | ||||||
| RPR test for syphilis | – | Negative | – | – | – | – |
| Rubella IgG | – | Immune | – | – | – | – |
| Blood group and Rh factor | – | A+ | A+ | – | – | – |
| Ab screen | – | Negative | Negative | – | – | – |
| HIV 1/2 Ab and Ag | – | Non-reactive | – | Non-reactive | – | – |
| Microbiology/immunology laboratory tests | ||||||
| SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR | – | – | Positive | – | – | – |
| Influenza A | – | – | Negative | – | – | – |
| Influenza B | – | – | Negative | – | – | – |
| QuantiFERON-TB Gold | – | – | – | Negative | – | – |
| HBS Antigen | – | – | – | Negative | – | – |
| Antihepatitis C virus | – | – | – | Negative | – | – |
| Legionella antigen | – | – | Negative | – | – | – |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||||
| CRP (mg/L) | <8.1 | – | 45.0 | 218.8–239.8 | 159.9 | – |
| ESR (mm) | 0–20 | – | – | 32 | – | – |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | <0.06 | – | – | 0.55 | – | – |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 11–241 | – | – | 565–1256 | 504 | – |
| Serum IL-6 (pg/mL) | <5.0 | – | – | 80.1 | – | – |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | <500 | – | – | 7341–62 236 | 6545 | 6311–18 416 |
| Serum electrolytes | ||||||
| Na (mmol/L) | 133–144 | – | 127–132 | 137–142 | 139–147 | 138–143 |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.5–5.1 | – | 3.0–3.9 | 3.4–4.6 | 2.3–5.3 | 3.7–5.3 |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 98–108 | – | 98–101 | 105–112 | 108–113 | 104–120 |
| CO (mmol/L) | 20–32 | – | 20–22 | 11–19 | 22–26 | 11–21 |
| Ca (mg/dL) | 8.6–10.3 | – | 7.3–8.3 | 7.4–7.9 | 7.4–8.3 | 7.7–8.4 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 70–100 | – | 74–93 | 109–162 | 84–122 | 39–126 |
| Total protein (mg/dL) | 6.4–8.3 | – | 5.1–5.8 | 5.0–6.1 | 5.3–5.8 | 5.6–6.1 |
| Mg (mg/dL) | 1.6–2.6 | – | 1.3 | 1.9–2.1 | 1.9–2.3 | 1.6–2.1 |
| P (mg/dL) | 2.5–4.7 | – | – | 6.6 | 1.3–6 | 4.6–6.5 |
| Blood cell counts | ||||||
| WCC (x109/L) | 4–11 | – | 5–8.9 | 20.9–38.3 | 14.6–20.7 | 13.3–39.2 |
| Neutrophil (%) | – | 72 | 76.3–83.5 | 72–90 | 71–81 | 35–82 |
| Lymphocyte (%) | – | 20 | 9.1–14.7 | 2–7 | 1–8 | 6–24 |
| Monocyte (%) | – | – | 7.1–12.8 | 1–7 | 3–13 | 6–14 |
| Meta myelocytes (%) | – | – | – | 1–5 | 1–6 | 2–10 |
| Myelocyte (%) | – | – | – | 1–4 | 1–5 | 2–7 |
| Eosinophil (%) | – | – | 0 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Basophil (%) | – | – | 0.1–0.5 | – | – | 1 |
| RCC (x1012/L) | 3.8–5.4 | – | 2.96–4.61 | 3.46–4.43 | 3.36–3.57 | 3.28–3.54 |
| Hb (g/L) | 115–155 | – | 76–120 | 91–114 | 89–97 | 86–93 |
| Hct (%) | 34–46.5 | – | 23.2–36.4 | 28.9–38 | 27.7–29.9 | 27.7–32.0 |
| Platelet count (k/mm cu) | 150–450 | – | 126–160 | 81–188 | 151–254 | 255–329 |
| Band (%) | – | – | – | 3–15 | 3–10 | 2–18 |
| Nucleated RCC (%) | <1 | – | – | 4–23 | 1–9 | 1–13 |
| Coagulation Parameters | ||||||
| PT (seconds) | 9.7–13.1 | – | – | 12.4 | – | 20.8–20.9 |
| INR | 0.8–1.2 | – | – | 1.2 | – | 1.8 |
| aPTT (seconds) | 26.8–36.0 | – | – | 29.2–81.9 | 52.8–110.3 | 46.9–177.5 |
| Liver function tests | ||||||
| AST (U/L) | 10–40 | – | 26–27 | 33–1856 | 173–409 | 94–1084 |
| ALT (U/L) | 7–35 | – | 17–21 | 23–1103 | 269–806 | 107–284 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.5–5.7 | – | 2.7–3.2 | 1.7–2.5 | 1.8–2.1 | 1.5–1.8 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.0–1.4 | – | 0.8 | 4.3–6.5 | 6.2–7.7 | 3.6–5.7 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.0–0.3 | – | – | 3.5–4.3 | 4.2–4.2 | – |
| ALP (U/L) | 30–110 | – | 67–95 | 66–88 | 75–80 | 89–137 |
| TG (mg/dL) | <150 | – | – | 526 | 426 | 320–482 |
| Renal Function Tests | ||||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 7–25 | – | 4–8 | 15–58 | 42–61 | 41–64 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.5–1.4 | – | 0.61–0.65 | 1.01–2.75 | 1.42–2.20 | 1.53–4.25 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73m2)t | >89 | >60 | 23–77 | 30–51 | 14–46 | |
| BUN/creatinine | 6.0–20.0 | – | 6.2–13.1 | 14.9 | 44.0–61.0 | – |
| Anion gap (mmol/L) | 6.2–14.7 | – | 8.0–10.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 5.0–13.0 | 10.0–16.0 |
| Cardiac function markers | ||||||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1–100 | – | – | 898–1035 | – | 1391 |
| Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.00–0.02 | – | – | 0.07–0.24 | 0.03–0.06 | 0.06 |
| CK (u/L) | 35–200 | – | – | 70–101 | – | 150 |
| LDH (u/L) | 108–212 | – | – | 1751–2737 | – | – |
| Lactic acid (mm/L) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Arterial | 0.4–1.3 | – | – | 2.3–3.1 | – | – |
| Venous | 0.0–2.5 | – | 1.2 | 7.6 | – | – |
| Blood gas parameters | ||||||
| pH | 7.36–7.46 | – | – | 7.17–7.30 | 7.38–7.49 | 6.86–7.44 |
| pCO2 (mm Hg) | 32–46 | – | – | 32–48 | 38–42 | 31–72 |
| pO2 (mm Hg) | 83–108 | – | – | 36–203 | 60–320 | 37–124 |
| hCO3 (mm/L) | 21–29 | – | – | 14–22 | 22–29 | 12–23 |
| BE, calculated (mmol/L) | – | – | (−8) – (−12) | (-2)–5 | (−1) – (−21) | |
| Carboxyhaemoglobin (%) | 0.0–2.0 | – | – | 1.3–1.7 | – | – |
| Methaemoglobin (%) | 0.0–1.5 | – | – | 1.3–1.5 | – | – |
| Ca, ionised (mm/L) | 1.15–1.30 | – | – | 1.06 | – | – |
| Ca, ionised pH corrected (mm/L) | 1.15–1.30 | – | – | 0.98 | – | – |
*Results provided as a 3-day range for simplicity of presentation.
†First admission: prenatal visit, 6 September 2019; PPD 0–2, 1–3 April 2020.
‡Second admission: PPD 11–14, 12–15 April 2020; PPD 15–18, 16–19 April 2020; PPD 19–22, 20–23 April 2020; PPD 11–22, 12–23 April 2020.
Ab, antibody; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BE, base excess; BHCG, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, calcium; CK, creatine kinase; Cl, chloride; CO, carbon monoxide; CRP, C reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Hb, haemoglobin; HBS, hepatitis B surface antigen; hCO3, bicarbonate; hct, haematocrit; IL-6, interleukin 6; INR, international normalised ratio; K, potassium; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Mg, magnesium; Na, sodium; NP, nasopharyngeal; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PPD, postpartum day; PT, prothrombin time; RCC, red cell count; Rh, Rhesus; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; TB, tuberculosis; TG, triglyceride; WCC, white cell count.