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. 2021 Jul 26;28(10):5597–5609. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10458-4

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Wearable activity monitors (Axivity AX3, designed by Open Lab, Newcastle University) worn on both wrists. The AX3 sensors were placed in the bracelets (green for right arm and black for left arm). b Axivity AX3 logging accelerometer devices when removed from the bracelets. c Signal vector magnitude (SVM) is the magnitude of acceleration in three directions (x, y, and z) giving a measure for activity of the upper limb movements. SVM is calculated by OMGUI software using the equation, SVM-1 = sqrt(x² + y² + z²) – 1. Physical activity (PA), defined by the percentage of the preoperative level, was calculated for the right and left arms in the patient cohort (mean SVM for each postoperative day/preoperative SVM × 100).