Table 2.
Computed Tomography Characteristics of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Type I–VIII Features
| Classification | CT Characteristics | Number (%) | Location | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (n = 526) | Irregular margins | 510/526 (96.96) | RUL | 157/526 (29.85) |
| Air bronchogram | 56/526 (10.65) | RML | 37/526 (7.03) | |
| Air space | 81/526 (15.40) | RLL | 99/526 (18.82) | |
| Necrosis* | 78/403 (19.35) | LUL | 148/526 (28.14) | |
| Vascular convergence sign | 142/526 (27.00) | LLL | 80/526 (15.21) | |
| Pleural retraction | 306/526 (58.17) | RMLs | 2/526 (0.38) | |
| Pleural attachment | 255/526 (48.48) | LMLs | 3/526 (0.57) | |
| II (n = 220) | Irregular margins** | 184/186 (98.92) | RUL | 54/220 (24.55) |
| Bronchial stenosis or occlusion | 211/220 (95.91) | RML | 19/220 (8.64) | |
| Bronchial obstructive changes | 161/220 (73.18) | RLL | 33/220 (15.00) | |
| Obstructive emphysema | 12/161 (7.45) | LUL | 53/220 (24.09) | |
| Obstructive pneumonia | 102/161 (63.35) | LLL | 31/220 (14.09) | |
| Obstructive atelectasis | 87/161 (54.04) | RMLs | 21/220 (9.55) | |
| Obstructive bronchiectasis | 20/161 (12.42) | LMLs | 9/220 (4.09) | |
| III (n = 92) | Irregular margins | 82/92 (89.13) | RUL | 31/92 (33.70) |
| Air bronchogram | 26/92 (28.26) | RML | 3/92 (3.26) | |
| Air space | 32/92 (34.78) | RLL | 13/92 (14.13) | |
| Vascular convergence sign | 28/92 (30.43) | LUL | 33/92 (35.87) | |
| Pleural retraction | 52/92 (56.52) | LLL | 12/92 (13.04) | |
| Pleural attachment | 17/92 (18.48) | |||
| IV (n = 32) | Air bronchogram | 29/32 (90.63) | RUL | 11/32 (34.38) |
| Bronchial leafless tree sign | 22/32 (68.75) | RML | 2/32 (6.25) | |
| Air space | 12/32 (37.50) | RLL | 7/32 (21.88) | |
| GGO within or around the consolidation | 25/32 (78.13) | LUL | 8/32 (25.00) | |
| Pleural retraction | 28/32 (87.50) | LLL | 4/32 (12.50) | |
| Pleural attachment | 9/32 (28.13) | |||
| V (n = 14) | Irregular margins | 12/14 (85.71) | RUL | 3/14 (21.43) |
| Nonuniform cyst wall | 13/14 (92.86) | RML | 1/14 (7.14) | |
| Septation in cyst | 12/14 (85.71) | RLL | 2/14 (14.29) | |
| Wall nodule | 9/14 (64.29) | LUL | 5/14 (35.71) | |
| GGO around the cyst | 10/14 (71.43) | LLL | 3/14 (21.43) | |
| Pleural retraction | 6/14 (42.86) | |||
| Pleural attachment | 4/14 (28.57) | |||
| VI (n = 85) | All lesions presenting as I and/or II (solid) | 17/85 (20.00) | Single lobe | 10/85 (11.76) |
| All lesions presenting as III (subsolid) | 21/85 (24.71) | RMLs | 12/85 (14.12) | |
| I or II + III (solid + subsolid) | 31/85 (36.47) | LMLs | 5/85 (5.88) | |
| I and/or III + IV and/or V (mixed) | 16/85 (18.82) | BMLs | 58/85 (68.24) | |
| VII (n = 53) | Bronchial leafless tree sign | 39/53 (73.58) | Single lobe | 9/53 (16.98) |
| Air space | 27/53 (50.94) | RMLs | 9/53 (16.98) | |
| Bulging of the interlobar fissure | 28/53 (52.38) | LMLs | 1/53 (1.89) | |
| CT angiogram sign*** | 16/42 (38.10) | BMLs | 34/53 (64.15) | |
| Multiple nodules | 36/53 (67.92) | |||
| GGO | 49/53 (92.45) | |||
| Lymphadenopathy | 41/53 (77.36) | |||
| VIII (n = 53) | Atelectasis with heterogeneous enhancement | 48/53 (90.57) | Unilateral PE | 41/53 (77.36) |
| Absence of pleural thickening | 17/53 (32.08) | Right | 14/41 (34.15) | |
| Localized irregular pleural thickening | 4/53 (7.55) | Left | 27/41 (65.85) | |
| Extensive irregular pleural thickening | 21/53 (39.62) | Bilateral PE | 12/53 (22.64) | |
| Extensive linear pleural thickening | 11/53 (20.75) | Right-predominant | 5/12 (41.67) | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 28/53 (52.83) | Left-predominant | 7/12 (58.33) |
Notes: Data are presented as number/total (%). *Necrosis was not assessed in 123 patients who did not undergo contrast-enhanced scanning. **Margins were not assessed in 34 patients because of ill-defined border. ***CT angiogram sign was not assessed in 11 patients who did not undergo contrast-enhanced scanning.
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; GGO, ground-glass opacity; RUL, right upper lobe; RML, right middle lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; RMLs, right multiple lobes; LMLs, left multiple lobes; BMLs, bilateral multiple lobes; PE, pleural effusion.