Table 2.

Extended

Method Details					Main Results
Field of View and Voxel Size	Software Used	Superimposition Method	Time to Complete Superimposition	Statistics Analysis	Outcomes (P value) or (OR; 95%CI)
FOV: 23 × 23 cm Voxel size: 0.58 × 0.58 × 0.6 mm	Insight SNAP: regional semiautomatic segmentation MIRIT: computing fully automated registration VALMET: comparison of 3D models	Voxel based	Not mentioned	Interobserver reliability	Mandibular rami surface: Inward (0.26 SD 0.12) Outward (0.24 SD 0.10) Posterior border of the mandibular ramus: Inward (0.15 SD 0.07) Outward (0.11 SD 0.04) Condyles: Inward (0.05 SD 0.02) Outward (0.13 SD 0.08) P value < .001
FOV: 22 × 16 cm Voxel size: 0.5 mm	ITK-SNAP: creating 3D surface models Imagine: computing the rigid registration CFM: overlaying 3D surface models that are registered in the same coordinate system	Voxel based	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Interexaminer range of measurement across anatomic regions was equal or less than 0.5 mm, which are clinically insignificant
FOV: 22 × 16 cm Voxel size: 0.4 mm	MAXILIM	Voxel based	30–40 minutes	Intraobserver and interobserver reliability using the Pearson correlation coefficient for the mean distances at four anatomical regions following the first and second superimpositions. Paired-sample t-test to compare the means of corresponding measurements following registration on the anterior cranial base and the left zygomatic arch. The significance level set at 5%	The correlation coefficients registered on the anterior cranial base ranged between 0.53 and 0.94 for the mean distances at the four regions and between 0.24 and 0.71 for the mean distances at the four anatomic regions registered on the zygomatic arches The P values ranged between .001 and .025 and were statistically significant for the four regions
FOV: 12″ Voxel size: 0.25 mm	AVIZO	Point based	Not mentioned	Intrareliability values were determined using intraclass correlation coefficient for all four landmarks, repeating the process three times for each image	When analyzing real patient data, it was found that the six-point correction algorithm reduced errors between images and increased intrapoint reliability. This method demonstrated greater reliability and reproducibility than the previous four-point correction algorithm
FOV: 21 × 21 × 12 cm Voxel size: 0.8 mm	OSIRIX	Surface based	25 minutes	Differences in the measured variables were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with factorial mixed effects models. In all cases, a two-sided significance test was carried out at an alpha level of 0.05. The level of significance used for the study was set at 0.05. Bonferroni correction was applied for pairwise a posteriori multiple comparison tests	Pairwise a posteriori tests between superimposition techniques showed that all techniques differed from each other (P < .005). The AC + F technique was the most accurate (D < 0.17 mm), as expected, followed by AC and BZ superimpositions that presented similar level of accuracy (D < 0.5 mm)
FOV: Large Voxel size: 0.25 mm	OnDemand3D: automatic voxel-based rigid registration ITK-SNAP: automatic segmentation STL to SGI Inventor 2.0: convert files from STL to IV CMF app: provided closest point color maps between registered 3D surface models	Voxel based	10–15 seconds	Not mentioned	The quantification of the superimposition errors by color-coded surface distances revealed that distances in the anterior cranial base between registered surface models were less than 0.5 mm for most regions for both growing patients and adults