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. 2021 Jul 12;15:682460. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.682460

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Presynaptic Neuron Membrane Activity (A) with and (B) without GAT-3-mediated GABA release. Upon activation of the presynaptic neuron by means of a pulsed applied current, Glu released into the synapse triggers the activation of EAAT-2 currents, located on the astrocytic membrane. EAAT-2 transports both Glu and Na+ into the astrocyte disturbing the equilibrium state of GAT-3, resulting in the release of GABA back to the presynaptic neuron, where upon binding to presynaptic membrane-bound GABAA-Rs inhibits the neuron, even in the presence of a pulsed applied current. (i–iii) shows presynaptic neuron membrane potential, overlaid with presynaptic neuron firing frequency (given in black with the right-hand y-axis). Results describe basal (i) [Glu]ast = 1.5 mM, (ii) [Glu]ast = 5 mM, and (iii) [Glu]ast = 10 mM.