TABLE II.
Summary of Concomitant Meniscal Procedures, Associated Ligament Injuries, and Definition of Graft Failure
| Study | Graft Type* (no. [%]) | Definition of Graft Failure | ||
| Meniscal Repair | Meniscectomy | Associated Ligament Injury | ||
| Razi26 (2019) | Allo, 4 (30.8%) Auto, 6 (33.3%) |
Allo, 2 (15.4%) Auto, 5 (27.8%) |
Allo: LCL, 1 (7.7%) MCL, 0 (0%) Auto: LCL, 0 (0%) MCL, 1 (5.6%) |
Not explicitly defined |
| Salem31 (2019) | BTB, 42 (24%) HS, 29 (46%) |
BTB, 32 (18.3%) HS, 15 (23.8%) |
Not reported | “Graft rupture” not explicitly defined |
| Salmon32 (2018) | HS, 20 (10%)† | HS, 20 (10%)† | Not reported‡ | “Graft rupture” not explicitly defined |
| Webster33 (2016) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | “Medical records… were initially checked to identify patients who had sustained a second ACL injury…”; “… structured questions regarding any further injuries to the ACL-reconstructed knee or the contralateral knee” |
| Thompson34 (2016) | HS, 10 (11.1%)† BTB, 7 (7.8%)† |
HS, 9 (10%)† BTB, 6 (6.7%)† |
Not reported‡ | “Graft rupture” not explicitly defined |
| Engelman35 (2014) | Allo, 2 (5.3%) Auto, 4 (11.4%) |
Allo, 24 (63.2%) Auto, 12 (34.3%) |
Not reported | Need for revision ACL surgery and/or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) confirmation of ACL graft failure |
| Webster36 (2014) | Not reported | HS, 207 (36.9%)† | Not reported | Patient self-report. “[They] answered structured questions regarding any further injuries to the ACL-reconstructed knee or the contralateral knee” |
| Mascarenhas37 (2012) | BTB, 3 (13%) HS, 5 (21.7%) |
BTB, 5 (21.7%) HS, 3 (13%) |
None reported (Grade-III collateral ligament injuries excluded) | Not explicitly defined |
| Ellis21 (2012) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Patient self-report. “Subjects were also asked if they had sustained a reinjury to the respective knee or if they had undergone revision ACL surgery” |
| Pallis38 (2012) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | ACL injury verified through MRI and/or diagnostic arthroscopy |
| Koizumi27 (2013) | HS, 4 (26.7%) | HS, 2 (13.3%) | Not reported | “Rerupture” not explicitly defined |
| Barrett28 (2011) | Not reported | Not reported | Associated collateral ligament injuries excluded | Reconstruction failure defined as 2+ Lachman, positive pivot shift, and KT-1000 results >5 mm side-to-side difference |
| Shelbourne29 (2009) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | “ACL injury was counted if it had been confirmed by physician examination or if the patient reported the ACL injury on a subjective survey or by phone” |
| Sankar30 (2006) | Not reported | Not reported | Allo: MCL, 12 (100%) | Not explicitly defined |
*
Allo = allograft, Auto = autograft, LCL = lateral collateral ligament, MCL = medial collateral ligament, BTB = bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft, and HS = hamstring.
†
Percentages of overall cohort (i.e., inclusive of pediatric and adult-aged subgroups).
‡
Exclusion criteria = “associated ligament injury requiring surgical treatment.”