Table 2.
Domain of bias | Risk of bias question |
---|---|
Selection bias | 1. Was administered dose or exposure level adequately randomized? |
Selection bias | 2. Was allocation to study groups adequately concealed? |
Performance bias | 3. Were experimental conditions identical across study groups?* |
Performance bias | 4. Were the research personnel blinded to the study group during the study? |
Attrition bias | 5. Were outcome data incomplete due to attrition or exclusion from analysis? |
Detection bias | 6. Can we be confident in the exposure characterization?* |
Detection bias | 7. Can we be confident in the outcome assessment?* |
Selective reporting bias | 8. Were all measured outcomes reported? |
Other | 9. Were there any other potential threats to internal validity? |
Note: Key elements considered for the tiered classification are marked by an asterisk (*).