Table 1. Parent characteristics.
| Parents’ characteristics | Number | % of total |
|---|---|---|
| All# | 233 | 100.0 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 39 | 16.7 |
| Female | 194 | 83.3 |
| Parents’ age | ||
| <35 years | 62 | 27.0 |
| 35–44 | 108 | 47.0 |
| 45 and older | 60 | 26.0 |
| Mean (SD) | 39.7(6.8) | |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 201 | 86.3 |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 32 | 13.7 |
| Current parent visa category in Australia | ||
| Humanitarian refugee/Family sponsored | 178 | 76.4 |
| Permanent resident or Citizen | 55 | 23.6 |
| Duration of living in Australia | ||
| Under 2 years | 66 | 30.1 |
| 2 to 5 years | 90 | 41.1 |
| More than 5 years | 63 | 28.8 |
| Mean (SD) | 3.8(3.0) | |
| Country of birth | ||
| Iraq | 189 | 81.1 |
| Syria | 26 | 11.2 |
| Other | 18 | 7.7 |
| Spoken language at home | ||
| Arabic | 161 | 69.1 |
| Others | 72 | 30.9 |
| English proficiency | ||
| A little/Not at all | 174 | 74.7 |
| Well/Very Well | 59 | 25.3 |
| Highest level of education attained | ||
| Up to high school | 152 | 65.2 |
| Diploma and University degree | 81 | 34.8 |
| Employment status | ||
| Unemployed and others | 216 | 92.7 |
| Employed | 17 | 7.3 |
| Family income (annual) | ||
| up to $37,000 | 79 | 33.9 |
| $37,001 and above | 154 | 66.1 |
| Parent received any counselling or psychological therapies in Australia | ||
| No counselling or therapy | 129 | 58.1 |
| NGO service | 55 | 24.8 |
| GP | 10 | 4.5 |
| Private practice psychologist/counsellor | 25 | 11.3 |
| Others | 3 | 1.4 |
| Number TEs experienced: Mean (SD) | 9.9(4.0) | |
| Number of PMLDs: Mean (SD) | 5.4(0.3) | |
| Psychological distress categories (measured as K10): Mean (SD) | 21.3(9.9) | |
| Child’s enrolled school | ||
| School A | 46 | 19.7 |
| School B | 43 | 18.5 |
| School C | 60 | 25.7 |
| School D | 33 | 14.2 |
| School E | 51 | 21.9 |
#The numbers do not always add up to 233 due to missing data. The number of missing observations for “Parents duration of living in Australia” was 14 (6%) and for “Parent received any counselling or psychological therapies in Australia” was 11 (4.7%). Else, the number of missing cases ranges from 0 to 3 (0 to 1.2).
GP, general practitioner; K10, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; NGO, nongovernment organisation; PMLD, postmigration living difficulty; TE, traumatic event.