Table 2. Descriptive statistics of errors incurred by each method to detect gait events.
(ms) | Method | Mean | SD | LLoA | ULoA | ICC | Sensitivity (%) | PPV (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FORELIMB | ||||||||||
WALK | Hoof-on | Pastern | M1 | -5 | 11 | -26 | 16 | 0.9981 | 100 | 99 |
M2 | -4 | 14 | -33 | 24 | 0.9953 | 99 | 99 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -5 | 21 | -47 | 37 | 0.9905 | 100 | 97 | ||
M3 | -30 | 40 | -109 | 49 | 0.9679 | 100 | 93 | |||
M4 | 14 | 72 | -127 | 155 | 0.9254 | 90 | 100 | |||
Hoof-off | Pastern | M1 | 3 | 16 | -28 | 34 | 0.9957 | 100 | 99 | |
M2 | -7 | 27 | -61 | 46 | 0.9881 | 99 | 99 | |||
Cannon | M1 | 1 | 19 | -36 | 38 | 0.9939 | 100 | 97 | ||
M3 | -15 | 65 | -142 | 112 | 0.9287 | 100 | 93 | |||
M4 | -35 | 117 | -265 | 194 | 0.8456 | 90 | 100 | |||
TROT | Hoof-on | Pastern | M1 | -4*,^ | 10 | -24 | 15 | 0.9912 | 99 | 99 |
M2 | -2 *,† | 9 | -19 | 15 | 0.9938 | 99 | 99 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -9^,† | 23 | -55 | 37 | 0.9515 | 99 | 100 | ||
M3 | -26 | 21 | -67 | 16 | 0.9567 | 100 | 94 | |||
M4 | 43 | 67 | -89 | 175 | 0.8336 | 81 | 100 | |||
Hoof-off | Pastern | M1 | -18* | 23 | -62 | 27 | 0.9581 | 99 | 99 | |
M2 | 4*,† | 34 | -63 | 71 | 0.9373 | 99 | 99 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -15† | 33 | -80 | 50 | 0.9341 | 99 | 100 | ||
M3 | 62 | 114 | -231 | 218 | 0.9559 | 100 | 94 | |||
M4 | 77 | 102 | -123 | 277 | 0.7366 | 81 | 100 | |||
HINDLIMB | ||||||||||
WALK | Hoof-on | Pastern | M1 | 2*,^ | 10 | -19 | 22 | 0.9974 | 100 | 100 |
M2 | -1*,† | 10 | -22 | 19 | 0.9979 | 99 | 100 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -5^,† | 11 | -26 | 17 | 0.9977 | 100 | 99 | ||
M3 | -31 | 55 | -139 | 77 | 0.9456 | 100 | 97 | |||
M4 | 161 | 412 | -652 | 974 | 0.7013 | 90 | 100 | |||
Hoof-off | Pastern | M1 | 6^ | 14 | -22 | 34 | 0.9934 | 100 | 100 | |
M2 | -3† | 38 | -77 | 72 | 0.9603 | 99 | 100 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -1^,† | 15 | -29 | 28 | 0.9940 | 100 | 99 | ||
M3 | -57 | 69 | -292 | 77 | 0.9284 | 100 | 97 | |||
M4 | -15 | 180 | -368 | 338 | 0.6999 | 90 | 100 | |||
TROT | Hoof-on | Pastern | M1 | 1*,^ | 12 | -23 | 26 | 0.9947 | 99 | 100 |
M2 | -1*,† | 19 | -37 | 36 | 0.9880 | 99 | 100 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -3^,† | 16 | -34 | 29 | 0.9858 | 96 | 100 | ||
M3 | -4 | 27 | -56 | 48 | 0.9630 | 100 | 97 | |||
M4 | 98 | 147 | -190 | 387 | 0.5439 | 90 | 100 | |||
Hoof-off | Pastern | M1 | 2*,^ | 9 | -16 | 20 | 0.9967 | 99 | 100 | |
M2 | 15*, † | 21 | -26 | 57 | 0.9773 | 99 | 100 | |||
Cannon | M1 | -7^,† | 14 | -35 | 22 | 0.9881 | 96 | 100 | ||
M3 | -144 | 62 | -264 | -23 | 0.9128 | 100 | 97 | |||
M4 | -72 | 100 | -267 | 124 | 0.6402 | 90 | 100 |
Descriptive statistics of the errors (ms) incurred by each method in detecting gait events and agreement with Mref for calculating stride durations; superscripts *,^ and † indicate where the difference between two mean errors was statistically significant (p<0.01), as revealed by post hoc tests; sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) are given as percentages of the total number of events detected; for each gait event, the best performing method(s) is emboldened.