Table 2.
Substance Use Profiles Differ in Use Patterns, Childhood Trauma, and Demographics
|
Recreational Marijuana Use
(Profile 1) |
Heavy Multidrug Intoxication
(Profile 2) |
Heavy Marijuana Use
(Profile 3) |
Heavy Opioid & Polysubstance Use (Profile 4) |
Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime Total Substance Use (M/SD) | A 2.55/ 2.07 | B 12.36/ 3.04 | C 6.08/ 2.21 | D 17.86/ 4.13 | F = 1425.01(3,1102)* |
| Drugs Caused Problems in Living (M/SD) | A 0.36/ 0.85 | B 1.95/ 1.51 | C 0.74/ 1.02 | D 3.43/ 1.52 | F = 285.58(3,1100)* |
| Drug Use Approach Motivations (M/SD) | A 2.27/ 1.41 | B,D 3.27/ 0.81 | C 2.83/ 1.14 | D 3.32/ 0.81 | F = 46.74(3,1100)* |
| Drug Use Avoidance Motivations (M/SD) | A 1.41/ 1.47 | B, C 2.32/ 1.15 | C 2.18/ 1.34 | D 2.64/ 0.95 | F = 44.16(3,1100) * |
| Childhood Maltreatment (M/SD) | A 46.31/ 17.31 | B 57.75/ 16.84 | C 53.37/ 17.35 | B 59.03/ 19.08 | F = 26.24(3,977)* |
| Gender (%) | X2(6) = 78.41* | ||||
| Female | A 58.9% | B 29.1% | B 32.4% | B 35.1% | |
| Male | A 39.5% | B 69.7% | B 66.1% | B 64.9% | |
| Other | A 1.6% | A 1.2% | A 1.5% | A 0.0% | |
| Education (%) | X2(9) = 62.43* | ||||
| < High School | A 4.3% | A,B 5.0% | A 4.1% | B 11.0% | |
| High School/ GED | A 45.6% | B 65.2% | B 62.2% | B 72.5% | |
| Some College | A 36.3% | A, B, C 24.8% | C 25.3% | B 12.8% | |
| Graduate Degree | A 13.8% | B 5.0% | A, B 8.4% | B 3.7% | |
| Race (%) | X2(9) = 57.26* | ||||
| White | A, B 75.5% | B, C 71.3% | C 59.3% | A 86.5% | |
| Black | A, B 15.8% | B, C 23.2% | C 33.3% | A 8.1% | |
| Asian | A 4.7% | A 1.2% | A 2.1% | A 0.9% | |
| Other | A 4.0% | A 4.3% | A 5.2% | A 4.5% |
Note. Profile n’s: Recreational Marijuana Use = 444, Heavy Multidrug Intoxication = 188, Heavy Marijuana Use = 354; Heavy Opioid and Polysubstance Use = 120. Superscript letter denotes significant differences across the classes for a given variable or category. Significant one-way ANOVAs were followed-up with post-hoc multiple comparisons calculated using a Games-Howell correction to evaluate pairwise comparisons. Significant chi-square analyses were assessed using z-tests to compare column proportions and adjusted using a Bonferroni correction. Drugs Caused Problems in Living reflects the average number of substance types that had caused problems in living (e.g., hospitalization, justice system involvement). Given that the incarcerated sample was composed entirely of men, we conducted supplemental analyses removing this sample to test whether the observed gender differences were due to the gender composition of the higher-risk sample. Results of this analysis showed that the gender differences remained significant, X2(6) = 33.37, p <.001, with the Recreational Marijuana Use profile consisting of more women than men and the heavy use profiles consisting of more men than women.
p <.001.