TABLE 1.

Coronal alignment of the tibial prostheses

Reference points		Mean age (years)	Follow‐up Time	Total number of patients	Evaluation of alignment
Proximal	Distal				CTA a , mean ± standard deviation (range)	87°<CTA<93°
Nishikawa et al. 30
Surgeon's subjective judgment using bony and soft tissue landmarks		74.4	Jan 2007 to Mar 2010	114	89.6° ± 1.8° (85.7° to 93.8°)	n = 102 (87.2%)	P < 0.05 b
Proximal one‐third of the anterior border of tibia	Distal one‐third of the anterior border of tibia	76.8	Oct 2010 to Sep 2013	74	89.3° ± 1.6° (84.5°–92.7°)	n = 71 (95.9%)
Sasanuma et al. 13
Center of the proximal tibia	Center of the ankle	75	Dec 2009 to Oct 2010	97	90.1° ± 2.2°	n = 85 (88%)	P = 0.97
Proximal one‐third of the anterior border	Distal one‐third of the anterior border of tibia	72	Oct 2010 to May 2012.	76	90.1° ± 2.5°	n = 64 (84%)
Bilgen et al. 7						88°<CTA<92°
Not mentioned	Extensor hallucis longus tendon	68.3	2004 to 2006	47	89.17 ± 1.74° (84°–93°)	n = 42 (89.4%)	P = 0.017
	Second metatarsal	70.2	2006 to 2008	53	88.57 ± 2.11° (84°–93°)	n = 37 (69.8%)

^a The coronal tibial component angle (CTA) is the medial angle between the mechanical axis of the tibia and the horizontal axis of the tibial tray. CTA was measured from bipedal‐stance, weight‐bearing, full‐length standing radiographs of the operatively treated limb

^b P < 0.05: the proportion of cases achieving ideal alignment by the two methods was significantly different between the two groups.