Appendix 1—figure 7. A zoom-in of the spike raster for a trial solving Duplication task (left) and Reversal task (right).

A sample episode where the network carried out sequence duplication (left) and sequence reversal (right), shown for the time period of 3–4 ms (two steps after the start of network output). Top to bottom: spike inputs to the network (subset), sequence of symbols they encode, spike activity of 10 sample leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons (without and with spike frequency adaptation [SFA]) in the spiking neural network (SNN), firing threshold dynamics for these 10 LIF neurons with SFA, activation of linear readout neurons, output sequence produced by applying argmax to them, and target output sequence.