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. 2021 Jul 23;11(7):e053402. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053402

Table 3.

Vaccination rates and ORs for not being vaccinated by sociodemographic characteristics

Exposure Group Vaccination rate OR (model 1) OR (model 2) OR (model 3)
Age group 70–74 90.9 (90.8 to 90.9) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
75–79 93.8 (93.8 to 93.9) 0.65 (0.65 to 0.66) 0.65 (0.65 to 0.66) 0.66 (0.65 to 0.66)
80–84 95.6 (95.5 to 95.6) 0.46 (0.46 to 0.46) 0.46 (0.46 to 0.46) 0.45 (0.45 to 0.46)
85–89 95.1 (95.0 to 95.1) 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52) 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52) 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52)
90–94 94.0 (93.9 to 94.1) 0.63 (0.62 to 0.64) 0.63 (0.62 to 0.64) 0.64 (0.63 to 0.65)
95–99 92.3 (92.1 to 92.5) 0.83 (0.81 to 0.85) 0.82 (0.80 to 0.85) 0.82 (0.80 to 0.84)
100+ 85.5 (84.8 to 86.1) 1.69 (1.61 to 1.78) 1.68 (1.60 to 1.77) 1.60 (1.52 to 1.68)
Sex Female 93.2 (93.2 to 93.2) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Male 93.2 (93.2 to 93.2) 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) 0.98 (0.98 to 0.99) 1.03 (1.02 to 1.03)
Disability Not limited 93.5 (93.5 to 93.5) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Limited a little 93.4 (93.3 to 93.4) 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) 1.12 (1.11 to 1.13) 1.08 (1.07 to 1.08)
Limited a lot 91.3 (91.2 to 91.3) 1.37 (1.36 to 1.38) 1.47 (1.46 to 1.48) 1.29 (1.28 to 1.30)
Ethnicity White British 94.0 (94.0 to 94.0) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Bangladeshi 82.7 (82.0 to 83.4) 3.26 (3.11 to 3.42) 3.48 (3.31 to 3.65) 2.56 (2.43 to 2.69)
Black African 67.2 (66.6 to 67.8) 7.62 (7.40 to 7.84) 7.59 (7.37 to 7.81) 5.01 (4.86 to 5.16)
Black Caribbean 73.8 (73.4 to 74.2) 5.55 (5.44 to 5.66) 6.35 (6.22 to 6.47) 4.85 (4.75 to 4.96)
Chinese 82.8 (82.3 to 83.4) 3.23 (3.11 to 3.36) 3.11 (2.99 to 3.23) 2.64 (2.54 to 2.75)
Indian 90.9 (90.7 to 91.0) 1.57 (1.54 to 1.60) 1.55 (1.52 to 1.59) 1.35 (1.32 to 1.38)
Mixed 85.3 (84.9 to 85.7) 2.69 (2.60 to 2.79) 2.67 (2.58 to 2.77) 2.21 (2.14 to 2.30)
Other 82.9 (82.6 to 83.2) 3.22 (3.15 to 3.29) 3.12 (3.05 to 3.18) 2.44 (2.39 to 2.50)
Pakistani 79.6 (79.2 to 80.0) 3.99 (3.89 to 4.09) 4.12 (4.02 to 4.22) 3.59 (3.50 to 3.68)
White other 87.7 (87.5 to 87.8) 2.20 (2.17 to 2.23) 2.24 (2.21 to 2.27) 1.93 (1.90 to 1.95)
IMD quintile 1 (most deprived) 90.6 (90.6 to 90.7) 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) 1.76 (1.75 to 1.78) 1.60 (1.59 to 1.62)
2 92.1 (92.0 to 92.1) 1.48 (1.46 to 1.49) 1.47 (1.46 to 1.48) 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35)
3 93.4 (93.4 to 93.5) 1.20 (1.19 to 1.22) 1.20 (1.19 to 1.21) 1.17 (1.16 to 1.18)
4 94.0 (94.0 to 94.0) 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10)
5 (least deprived) 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Religion Christian 93.8 (93.8 to 93.9) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Buddhist 84.1 (83.5 to 84.7) 2.88 (2.76 to 3.01) 2.63 (2.52 to 2.74) 2.03 (1.95 to 2.12)
Hindu 91.5 (91.2 to 91.7) 1.43 (1.39 to 1.47) 1.39 (1.35 to 1.43) 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06)
Jewish 93.1 (92.8 to 93.3) 1.13 (1.09 to 1.18) 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) 0.94 (0.90 to 0.97)
Muslim 79.1 (78.9 to 79.4) 4.02 (3.95 to 4.09) 4.04 (3.97 to 4.11) 2.74 (2.69 to 2.79)
No religion 91.9 (91.9 to 92.0) 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35) 1.25 (1.23 to 1.26) 1.23 (1.22 to 1.24)
Other religion 85.4 (84.9 to 85.8) 2.61 (2.51 to 2.71) 2.41 (2.32 to 2.50) 2.15 (2.07 to 2.23)
Religion not stated 91.5 (91.4 to 91.6) 1.42 (1.41 to 1.44) 1.40 (1.38 to 1.41) 1.35 (1.33 to 1.36)
Sikh 91.6 (91.3 to 91.9) 1.39 (1.34 to 1.45) 1.35 (1.30 to 1.41) 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11)
Household tenure Owned 94.0 (93.9 to 94.0) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Other 91.1 (90.9 to 91.2) 1.52 (1.49 to 1.55) 1.55 (1.52 to 1.58) 1.49 (1.46 to 1.52)
Private rented 88.4 (88.2 to 88.5) 2.05 (2.02 to 2.07) 1.96 (1.94 to 1.99) 1.81 (1.79 to 1.83)
Social rented 89.9 (89.8 to 89.9) 1.75 (1.73 to 1.76) 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) 1.60 (1.59 to 1.61)
Rural–urban Rural 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Urban 92.8 (92.8 to 92.8) 1.33 (1.32 to 1.34) 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35) 1.12 (1.12 to 1.13)
Household composition 2 elderly 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) 1 (ref) 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
1 elderly 92.5 (92.5 to 92.6) 1.38 (1.37 to 1.39) 1.53 (1.52 to 1.54) 1.32 (1.31 to 1.33)
Care home 94.9 (94.8 to 95.0) 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) 1.10 (1.06 to 1.13) 0.89 (0.86 to 0.91)
Multigenerational 90.3 (90.3 to 90.4) 1.83 (1.82 to 1.85) 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) 1.39 (1.38 to 1.40)
Other (3+ adults) 90.0 (89.6 to 90.3) 1.91 (1.84 to 1.97) 1.81 (1.75 to 1.88) 1.54 (1.49 to 1.60)

Adults aged 70 years or over, living in England, alive on 15 March 2021. Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for sex and age (cubic splines); model 3: adjusted for sex, age (cubic splines), care home status, rural/urban, region, ethnicity (except when looking at religion as an exposure), IMD quintile (except when looking at household tenure as an exposure), disability, BMI and comorbidities. See table 1 for more details on the variables included in the models.

BMI, body mass index; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.