Table 2.
Laboratory and radiological findings of COVID-19 patients stratified according to eGFR levels.
| Variable | All patients (N = 1851) | eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 90 (N = 1379) | 60–89 (N = 360) | < 60 (N = 112) | |||
| Laboratory findings at admission | |||||
| Hematological | |||||
| Leukocyte Count, × 109/L | 5.84 (4.74,7.13) | 5.75 (4.7, 7.0) | 6 (4.8,7.22) | 6.715 (5.52,9.32) | 0.060 |
| ˂ 3.5– n/N (%) | 95/1841 (5.16) | 68/1370 (4.96) | 23/359 (6.40) | 4/112 (3.57) | 0.412 |
| > 9.5– n/N (%) | 169 /1841 (11.26) | 103/1370 (7.51) | 40/359 (11.14)# | 26/112 (23.21)#,& | 0.000 |
| Lymphocyte Count, × 109/L | 1.53 (1.12,2) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.07) | 1.33 (0.99,1.77)# | 1.12 (0.62,1.79)# | 0.000 |
| ˂ 1.1– n/N (%) | 433/1841 (23.51) | 264/1370 (19.27) | 114/359 (31.75)# | 55/112 (49.10)#,& | 0.000 |
| Platelet Count, × 109/L | 216 (176, 265) | 220 (183, 270) | 209 (165,257)# | 196 (144,237)#,& | 0.000 |
| ˂ 125– n/N (%) | 147/1839 (7.99) | 88/1368 (6.43) | 32/359 (8.91) | 27/112 (24.10)#,& | 0.000 |
| > 350– n/N (%) | 118/1839 (6.41) | 89/1368 (6.50) | 24/359 (6.68) | 5/112 (4.46) | 0.685 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 120 (109,132) | 121 (111, 133) | 117 (105,129)# | 109 (89,124) #,& | 0.000 |
| Biochemical | |||||
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 56.34 (46.28,69.53) | 51.4 (43.21, 60.31) | 73.61 (65.3,84.7)# | 126.88 (97.42,181.7)#,& | 0.000 |
| > 104– n/N (%) | 87/1851 (4.70) | 0/1379 (0) | 9/360 (2.5) | 78/112 (69.64)& | 0.000 |
| Peak creatinine, μmol/L | 59.99 (49.54,74.83) | 55.23 (47, 64.87) | 77.75 (67.14,89.68) # | 145.6 (106.59,212.03)#,& | 0.000 |
| Urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.9 (4.03,6.1) | 4.61 (3.84, 5.57) | 5.71 (4.6,7.17)# | 11.03 (7.76,15.40)#,& | 0.000 |
| > 7.2– n/N (%) | 249/1851 (13.45) | 73/1379 (5.29) | 86/360 (23.88)# | 90/112 (80.35)#,& | 0.000 |
| Albumin, g/L | 37.73 (34.26,40.65) | 38.3 (35.1,41.03) | 36.22 (32.16,39.47) # | 33.88 (30.05,37.66)#,& | 0.000 |
| ˂ 35– n/N (%) | 547/1845 (29.64) | 334/1374 (24.30) | 150/360 (41.66)# | 63/111 (56.75)#,& | 0.000 |
| Total bilirubin, mmol/L | 10.62 (8.32,13.71) | 10.58 (8.32, 13.37) | 10.78 (8.32,14.94) | 10.58 (8.28,15.87) | 0.256 |
| > 20.5– n/N (%) | 113/1844 (6.12) | 65/1374 (4.73) | 32/360 (8.88)# | 16/110 (14.54)# | 0.000 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 21.81 (14.58,36.7) | 18.83 (11.65,30.6) | 21.11 (14.27,32.96) # | 22.64 (14.86,38.05) # | 0.000 |
| > 45– n/N (%) | 333/1844 (18.05) | 256/1374 (18.63) | 59/360 (16.38) | 18/110 (16.36) | 0.549 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 20.03 (15.08,28.81) | 19.42 (14.49, 27.65) | 21.41 (16.97,31.28) # | 24.4 (17.65,40.79)# | 0.000 |
| > 40– n/N (%) | 181/1425 (12.70) | 112/1046 (10.70) | 44/284 (15.49) | 25/95 (26.31)# | 0.000 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 178.45 (149.28,221.01) | 173.58 (145.11,212.06) | 194.1 (161.93,234.81) # | 218.5 (164.81,367.06)# | 0.008 |
| > 271– n/N (%) | 251/1851 (13.56) | 147/1379 (10.65) | 63/360 (17.5)# | 41/112 (36.60)#,& | 0.000 |
| Creatine kinase-MB, U/L | 8.15 (6.2,10.87) | 8.04 (6.3, 10.76) | 8.37 (6.11,10.78) | 8.48 (5.87,11.2) | 0.528 |
| > 24– n/N (%) | 32/1232 (2.59) | 21/945 (2.22) | 4/226 (1.76) | 7/61 (11.47)#,& | 0.001 |
| Myoglobin, ng/mL | 21 (13.2,33.33) | 21 (11.4, 26.56) | 29.16 (21,47.87)# | 53.32 (29.31,253.44)# | 0.000 |
| > 65.8– n/N (%) | 113/1001 (11.28) | 47/741 (6.34) | 37/199 (18.59)# | 29/61 (47.54)#,& | 0.000 |
| High-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.01 (0.01, 0.034) | 0.01 (0, 0.02) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.069) # | 0.058 (0.016, 0.149) #,& | 0.000 |
| > 0.04– n/N (%) | 215/1015 (21.18) | 104/754 (13.79) | 77/203 (37.93)# | 34/58 (58.62)#,& | 0.000 |
| Infection-related indices | |||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.79 (0.5,8.18) | 0.5 (0.5, 5) | 1.69 (0.5,11.28) | 10.9 (0.74,72.75)#,& | 0.000 |
| > 10– n/N (%) | 399/1743 (22.89) | 252/1288 (19.56) | 92/346 (26.58)# | 55/109 (50.45)#,& | 0.000 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | 2.99 (1.5,8.01) | 2.4 (1.5, 5.415) | 6.18 (2.38,13.89)# | 10.94 (4.94,36.63)# | 0.000 |
| > 7– n/N (%) | 403/1499 (26.88) | 226/1128 (20.03) | 127/289 (43.94)# | 50/82 (60.97)#,& | 0.000 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.05 (0.03,0.08) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.06 (0.04,0.12)# | 0.16 (0.07,0.57)# | 0.030 |
| ≥ 0.05– n/N (%) | 618/1368 (45.17) | 376/1011 (37.19) | 164/261 (62.83)# | 78/96 (81.25)#,& | 0.000 |
| ≥ 0.5– n/N (%) | 71/1368 (5.19) | 29/1011 (2.86) | 16/261 (6.13) | 26/96 (27.08) #,& | 0.000 |
| Coagulation function | |||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 12.22 (11.4,13.1) | 12.2 (11.5, 13) | 12.6 (11.7,13.5) | 13.07 (12,14.825)#,& | 0.000 |
| ˂ 9.4– n/N (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | \ |
| > 12.5– n/N (%) | 560/1339 (41.82) | 363/973 (37.30) | 141/276 (51.08)# | 56/90 (62.22)# | 0.000 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 30.2 (27.6,33) | 30.6 (28.2, 33.2) | 30.36 (28.08,33.03) | 31.34 (28.83,34.58) | 0.175 |
| ˂ 25.1– n/N (%) | 89/1338 (6.65) | 65/972 (6.68) | 16/276 (5.79) | 8/90 (8.88) | 0.589 |
| > 36.5– n/N (%) | 137/1338 (10.23) | 95/972 (9.77) | 25/276 (9.05) | 17/90 (18.88)#,& | 0.018 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 276 (217,336) | 276 (227, 334) | 302 (245,346)# | 306 (251,390)# | 0.000 |
| ˂ 238– n/N (%) | 372/1336 (27.84) | 296/971 (30.48) | 54/276 (19.56)# | 22/89 (24.71) | 0.000 |
| > 498– n/N (%) | 40/1336 (2.99) | 29/971 (2.98) | 8/276 (2.89) | 3/89 (3.37) | 0.922 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 63 (2,304) | 75.5 (28, 340.5) | 155.5 (60,451.5)# | 336 (116.5,655.25)#,& | 0.000 |
| ≥ 500– n/N (%) | 185/932 (19.84) | 113/659 (17.14) | 45/201 (22.38) | 27/72 (37.5)#,& | 0.000 |
| Urinalysis | |||||
| Proteinuria– n/N (%) | |||||
| Negative | 989/1223 (80.86) | 786/916 (85.80) | 175/240 (72.91) | 28/67 (41.79)#,& | 0.000 |
| Positive | 234/1223 (19.13) | 130/916 (14.19) | 65/240 (27.08)# | 39/67 (58.21)#,& | 0.000 |
| + | 211/1223 (17.25) | 124/916 (13.53) | 59/240 (24.58)# | 28/67 (41.79)#,& | 0.000 |
| + + ~ + + + | 23/1223 (1.88) | 6/916 (0.65) | 6/240 (2.5)# | 11/67 (16.41)#,& | 0.000 |
| Hematuria– n/N (%) | |||||
| Negative | 847/1219 (69.48) | 652/913 (71.41) | 162/239 (67.78) | 33/67 (49.25)#,& | 0.001 |
| Positive | 372/1219 (30.52) | 261/913 (28.59) | 77/239 (32.22) | 34/67 (50.75)#,& | 0.001 |
| + | 307/1219 (25.18) | 223/913 (24.42) | 63/239 (26.35) | 21/67 (31.34) | 0.409 |
| + + ~ + + + | 65/1219 (5.33) | 38/913 (4.16) | 14/239 (5.85) | 13/67 (19.40)#,& | 0.000 |
| Chest computed tomography findings-– n/N (%) | |||||
| Abnormalities on chest CT | 1282/1463 (87.63) | 942/1079 (87.30) | 273/304 (89.80) | 67/80 (83.75)& | 0.030 |
| Sub-pleura | 117/1463 (8.00) | 102/1079 (6.97) | 12/304 (3.95)# | 3/80 (3.75)# | 0.003 |
| Unilateral | 129/1463 (8.82) | 107/1079 (7.31) | 19/304 (6.25) | 3/80 (3.75) | 0.036 |
| Bilateral | 1036/1463 (70.81) | 733/1079 (67.93) | 242/304 (79.61)# | 61/80 (76.25)# | 0.000 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or no./total no. (%). aP values were calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test or chi-square test.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
# vs GFR ≥ 90 & vs 60 ≤ GFR < 90.