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. 2021 Jan 27;24(17):5730–5742. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021000367

Table 2.

Survey-weighted averages of sample characteristics for selected years*

Demographics 2008 2013 2018
Mean se Mean se Mean se
# Households excluded 446 332 270
# Households in final sample 61 091 60 750 61 102
Education
  High school or less 30·6 % 0·3 % 29·1 % 0·3 % 27·2 % 0·3 %
  Some college 32·2 % 0·3 % 32·4 % 0·3 % 31·3 % 0·3 %
  College graduate 25·1 % 0·3 % 26·2 % 0·3 % 26·5 % 0·3 %
  Post college graduate 12·2 % 0·2 % 12·2 % 0·2 % 15·0 % 0·2 %
Race/ethnicity
  Hispanic 11·7 % 0·3 % 13·0 % 0·3 % 14·0 % 0·2 %
  NH white 71·4 % 0·3 % 69·0 % 0·3 % 66·8 % 0·3 %
  NH black 11·5 % 0·2 % 11·8 % 0·2 % 11·6 % 0·2 %
  NH Asian 2·8 % 0·1 % 3·4 % 0·1 % 4·4 % 0·1 %
  NH other 2·5 % 0·1 % 2·8 % 0·1 % 3·2 % 0·1 %
Nominal household income
  Average ratio to FPL 3·65 0·02 3·21 0·01 3·40 0·01
  <185 % FPL 25·9 % 0·3 % 31·2 % 0·3 % 25·2 % 0·3 %
  185–400 % FPL 33·9 % 0·3 % 35·6 % 0·3 % 41·6 % 0·3 %
  >400 % FPL 40·2 % 0·3 % 33·3 % 0·3 % 33·2 % 0·3 %
Income adjusted for the cost of living§
  Average ratio to FPL 3·63 0·02 3·20 0·01 3·39 0·01
  <185 % FPL 24·9 % 0·3 % 31·2 % 0·3 % 26·6 % 0·3 %
  185–400 % FPL 35·8 % 0·3 % 37·9 % 0·3 % 37·3 % 0·3 %
  >400 % FPL 39·2 % 0·3 % 30·9 % 0·3 % 36·1 % 0·3 %

NH, non-hispanic; FPL, federal poverty level.

*

Estimates are not adjusted for household characteristics but are adjusted using survey weights to obtain nationally representative estimates.

Households were excluded if they were not ‘reliable food reporters,’ that is, did not meet a minimum threshold for food purchases for all quarters in a calendar year.

Since values are calculated using Nielsen’s survey weights, standard errors are presented rather than sd.

§

Income adjusted for the cost of living is categorised into tertiles for use in regression analysis. In this table, nominal household income and adjusted household income are presented relative to the FPL for ease of comparison.