Table 1.

Market price and statistics for the production cost of chemicals via the direct electroreduction of CO₂ reported in the literature

Products		Carbon monoxide	Formic acid	Methane	Methanol	Ethanol	Ethylene
2019 United States market pricea for fossil-based chemicals [$/kg]		0.15	0.50	0.12	0.26	0.48	0.58
Estimated ECO2R production costs from the literatureb [$/kg]	Literature average	0.39	0.96	3.72	1.40	3.92	2.48
	Standard deviation	0.19	0.78	2.40	1.03	3.96	1.83
	Minimum	0.18	0.10	1.07	0.54	0.37	0.65
	Maximum	0.64	2.63	5.72	2.64	11.27	4.92

^aSource: (IHS Markit, 2020).

^bAgarwal et al. (2011); Herron and Maravelias (2016); Spurgeon and Kumar (2018); De Luna et al. (2019); Kibria et al. (2019); Orella et al. (2019); Ramdin et al. (2019); Rumayor et al. (2019b)