REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Bacterial and virus strains
Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli Strain LF82 (AIEC-LF82)	Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Inserm	Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004. (Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004)
Biological samples
Human colon and ileal biopsies	HUMANOID CoRE, VA Hospital, San Diego	UCSD HRPP Project ID190105
L-WRN cells with Wnt3a, R-spondin, and Noggin.	The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)	ATCC CRL-3276TM
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
Fetal bovine serum	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat# F2442-500ML
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 containing 15 mM HEPES	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat#D6421-500ML
SB431542 (an inhibitor for TGF-β type I receptor)	Tocris a biotechne brand (R&D)	Cat# 1614/50
Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor)	Tocris (R&D)	Cat# 1254
Advanced DMEM/F12	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 12634028
TrypLE™ Select Enzyme (1×),no phenol red	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 12563011
Collagenase, Type I, powder	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat # 17101015
Corning® Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix, LDEV-free, 10 mL	Corning	Cat# 354234
Gentamicin (50 mg/mL)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 15750060
EDTA (0.5 M), pH 8.0, RNase-Free	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# AM9260G
Triton™ X-100	Sigma-Aldrich	CAS Number 9002 -93-1 X100-500ML.
Gibco™ Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 15-250-061
BD Difco™ LB Broth, Lennox	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# DF0402-17-0
BD Difco™ Dehydrated Culture Media: LB Agar, Miller (Luria-Bertani)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# DF0445-17-4
Gibco™ DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 14190250
SB 202190 (Inhibitor p38 MAP kinase)	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat# S7067
A-83-01 (TGF-beta inhibitor)	Tocris a biotechne brand (R&D)	Cat# 2939
Nicotinamide	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat# N0636
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat# A9165
Gibco™ GlutaMAX™ Supplement	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 35050061
Animal-Free Recombinant Human EGF	PeproTech	Cat# AF-100-15
Nicotine	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat # 54-11-5
Propylene glycol	Sigma-Aldrich	P4347-500ML
Glycerin	Sigma-Aldrich	G2289-500ML
Critical commercial assays
Quick-RNA Microprep Kit	Zymo Research	Cat# R1050
Software and algorithms
Automated TEER Measurement System (REMS AutoSampler)	World Precision Instrument (WPI)	https://www.wpiinc.com/sys-rems-automated-teer-measurement-system
Others
Corning HTS Transwell-96 Electrode	WPI	REMS-96C
Automated TEER Measurement System (REMS AutoSampler, version 6.02)	WPI	SYS-REMS
Replacement REMS HTS Electrode	WPI	Multiple SKUs
Countess II Automated Cell Counter	Thermo Fisher Scientific	AMQAX1000
Fisherbrand™ Sterile Cell Strainers	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 22-363-548
Transwell 96-well Permeable Support with 0.4 μm PET Membrane	Corning	Cat# 7369
Transwell 24-well Permeable Support with 0.4 μm PET Membrane	Corning	Cat# 3470
E-cigarette atomizer and the rechargeable battery	SCIREQ (Scientific Respiratory Equipment)	N/A
E-liquids including nicotine, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin	Xtreme Vaping	N/A