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. 2021 Jul 13;9:695003. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695003

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Copyright © 2021 Huang, Wu, Chen, Tong, Zhou, Wu, Zhang, Yang, Ma and Du.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of nas-33 and gpb-1 RNA interference on the development and survival of Haemonchus contortus. (A) Influences of nas-33 or gpb-1 RNAi on the relative mRNA levels (normalized by the transcriptional level of Bt-Cry1AC) of nas-33 and gpb-1, respectively. (B) Influences of separate (Hc-nas-33 or Hc-gpb-1) and simultaneous (Hc-nas-33 + Hc-gpb-1) RNAi on the development and survival of H. contortus on day 3. (C) Influences of separate (Hc-nas-33 or Hc-gpb-1) and simultaneous (Hc-nas-33 + Hc-gpb-1) RNAi on the development and survival of H. contortus on day 7. Sick phenotype includes developmental delay, decreased mobility, abnormality and molting defect. Student’s t-test is used for the statistical analysis between treated and negative control. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, no significance.