Table 1.
Composition of liposomes used as passive targeting drug delivery systems in malaria therapy
| Drugs | Lipid composition | Ratioa | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primaquine | EPC: PS: cholesterol | 4:1:5 | [110, 113–116] |
| Chloroquine | Fluid-state | [117–120] | |
| PC: PG: cholesterol | 10:1:5 | ||
| Gel-state | |||
| DSPC: DPPG: cholesterol |
10:1:5 10:1:10 |
||
|
Primaquine Leu-primaquine Ala-leu-primaquine Ala-leu-ala-leu-primaquine |
Fluid-state | [121] | |
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL100 | 1:4:10 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL90G | 1:4:10 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL100 | 1:2:7 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL90G | 1:2:7 | ||
| CHEMS: PL100 | 1:10 | ||
| CHEMS: PL90G | 1:10 | ||
| CHEMS: PL100 | 1:7 | ||
| CHEMS: PL90G | 1:7 | ||
| Gel-state | |||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL100H | 1:4:10 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: DPPC | 1:4:10 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: PL100H | 1:2:7 | ||
| CHEMS: cholesterol: DPPC | 1:2:7 | ||
| CHEMS: PL100H | 1:10 | ||
| CHEMS: DPPC | 1:10 | ||
| CHEMS: PL100H | 1:7 | ||
| CHEMS: DPPC | 1:7 | ||
| Arteether |
DMPC DMPC: DPPC DMPC: DPPC: cholesterol EPC EPC: cholesterol EPC: cholesterol DPPC DPPC: DBPC: cholesterol DPPC: DBPC: cholesterol DPPC: DBPC: cholesterol DPPC: DBPC: cholesterol |
1 1:1 1:1:1 1 1:0.5 1:1 1 1:1:1 1:1:2 1:1:2 0:1:1 |
[122] |
| Arteether | DPPC: DBPC: cholesterol | 1:1:2 | [123] |
| Desferrioxamine |
EPC: EPGc EPC: EPG: cholesterold DSPC: DPPG: cholesterole |
10:1 10:1:4 10:1:4 |
[124] |
| β-artemether | EPC: cholesterol |
1:0 1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1 3:2 4:3 |
[125] |
| Artesunate | EPC: cholesterol | 4:3 | [126] |
| Chloroquine | SPC: cholesterol |
10:0 10:1 8:1 5:1 4:1 3:1 |
[127] |
|
Artemisinin Artemisinin + Curcumin |
PL90G: cholesterol |
5:0.6 1.6:0.2 |
[128, 129] |
| PL90G: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000 |
5:0.6:0.25 1.6:0.2:0.1 |
||
| – |
SPC: phophatidic acid SPC: stearylamine SPC: stearic acid SPC: stearyl alcohol SPC: myristic acid |
80:20 | [130] |
| SPC: Stearylamine: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000 | 80:20 b | ||
| Curcumin | SPC | 100 | [131] |
| β-methasone hemisuccinate | HSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000 | 55:40:5 | [132, 133] |
|
Monensin Doxycycline |
SPC: cholesterol SPC: cholesterol: stearylamine SPC: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000 SPC: cholesterol: stearylamine: DSPE-mPEG2000 |
7:3 7:3 (± 10 mol %) 7:3 (± 0.5–5 mol %) 7:3 (± 10 mol % ± 0.5–5 mol %) |
[134, 135] |
| Indocyanin Green |
PL S75: cholesterol PL S75: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000 |
9:1 (w/w) 9:1:1.33 (w/w) |
[136] |
| Platinum-chloroquine diphosphate dichloride | HSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000: DOTAP |
55:45:5:0 50:45:5:5 45:45:5:10 40:45:5:15 35:45:5:20 |
[137] |
| Maduramicin | SPC: cholesterol (± DSPE-mPEG2000) | 7:3 (± 5 mol %) | [138] |
| Primaquine + Chloroquine | HSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000 | 55:45:5 | [139] |
aUnless otherwise indicated, the ratio is expressed in molar
bThe 20 parts are made up of 0–20 mol % of SA, 0, 5,10, 15 or 20 mol % of cholesterol, and 0, 1, 2.5 or 5 mol % of DSPE-mPEG2000
cLow bilayer-rigidity liposomes
dIntermediate bilayer-rigidity liposomes
eHigh bilayer-rigidity liposomes