Table 1.
Baseline characteristics at ICU admission; functional and radiological findings at 3 and 6 months of follow-up after discharge and evolution from 3rd to 6th month.
| Admission | Follow-up |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 78 | 3 Months | 6 Months | Difference |
||||
| Median (P25;P75) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean Difference (95% CI) or McNemar's Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Missings | ||
| General characteristics | Chest CT | n = 72 | |||||
| Age (years) | 62.0 (56.0;67.0) | Density, n (%) | |||||
| Sex | Ground-glass | 41 (56.9%) | 23 (31.9%) | 0.18 (0.05 to 0.53) | <.001 | ||
| Male | 54 (69.2%) | Mixed ground-glass | 24 (33.3%) | 30 (41.7%) | 3 (0.75 to 17.22) | .146 | |
| Female | 24 (30.8%) | Consolidation | 15 (20.8%) | 10 (13.9%) | 0.17 (0.003 to 1.37) | .125 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (26.1;32.8) | Internal structures, n (%) | |||||
| Smoking history | Interlobular septal thickening | 66 (91.7%) | 59 (81.9%) | 0 (0.00 to 0.69) | .015 | ||
| Current | 1 (1.32%) | Bronchiectasis | 58 (80.6%) | 59 (81.9%) | 1.33 (0.22 to 9.10) | .999 | |
| Former | 45 (59.2%) | Atelectasis | 17 (23.6%) | 18 (25.0%) | 1.14 (0.36 to 3.70) | .999 | |
| Nonsmoker | 30 (39.5%) | Solid nodule | 25 (34.7%) | 25 (34.7%) | 1.01 (0.299 to 3.34) | .753 | |
| Comorbidities | Nonsolid nodule | 1 (1.39%) | 6 (8.33%) | 6 (0.73 to 275.98) | .125 | ||
| Hypertension | 39 (50.0%) | Lesions, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (20.5%) | None | 13 (18.1%) | 18 (25.0%) | |||
| Chronic heart disease | 6 (7.69%) | Fibrotic | 27 (37.5%) | 23 (31.9%) | NE | ||
| Asthma | 7 (8.97%) | Reticular | 32 (44.4%) | 31 (43.1%) | |||
| COPD | 8 (10.3%) | TSS score | |||||
| ICU stay | Number of lobes affected by ground-glass or consolidative opacities, mean (SD) | 3.50 (1.84) | 2.53 (1.97) | −0.97 (−1.28 to −0.67) | <.001 | ||
| Days | 14.0 (6.00;25.8) | Score, mean (SD) | 6.65 (4.15) | 4.42 (3.55) | −2.24 (−2.70 to −1.78) | <.001 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6MWT | n = 74 | |||||
| Invasive | 44 (56.4%) | Distance-meters, median (P25; P75) | 396 (85.7) | 445 (74.9) | 48.5 (35.3 to 61.7) | <.001 | 1 |
| Days | 18.0 (11.5;25.5) | Oxygen saturation, median (P25; P75) | |||||
| Noninvasive | 43 (55.8%) | Average | 95.2 (1.75) | 94.3 (2.98) | 0.30 (−0.08 to 0.69) | .123 | |
| Days | 3.00 (2.00;3.50) | Minimal | 94.1 (2.27) | 94.3 (2.98) | 0.22 (−0.48 to 0.91) | .538 | |
| Prone positioning | 43 (55.1%) | ||||||
| Hours | 40.0 (22.5;72.0) | ||||||
| Farmacological therapy | Pulmonary function | n = 74 | |||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 49 (62.8%) | FVC-%, mean (SD) | 77.6 (14.9) | 80.7 (14.9) | 3.09 (1.18 to 5.01) | .002 | |
| Interferon beta | 13 (16.7%) | FEV1-%, mean (SD) | 85.9 (17.3) | 88.5 (16.9) | 2.52 (0.64 to 4.40) | .009 | |
| Tocilizumab N (%) | 44 (56.4%) | FEV1/FVC, mean (SD) | 0.82 (0.06) | 0.82 (0.06) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00) | .264 | 1 |
| Corticosteroids N (%) | 65 (83.3%) | ≥0.7%, n (%) | 71 (97.3%) | 70 (95.9%) | .999 | ||
| Antibiotics N (%) | 76 (97.4%) | <0.7%, n (%) | 2 (2.74%) | 3 (4.11%) | |||
| Laboratory data at ICU admission | TLC-%, mean (SD) | 82.7 (16.6) | 84.8 (17.7) | 2.17 (−2.14 to 6.48) | .318 | 8 | |
| CRP mg/dL | 161 (85.3;213) | ≥80%, n (%) | 39 (59.1%) | 44 (66.7%) | .527 | ||
| Hemoglobin g/L mean (SD) | 13.2 (12.5;14.4) | ≤50%–80%, n (%) | 25 (37.9%) | 20 (30.3%) | |||
| Platelet count ×109/L | 221 (175;299) | <50%, n (%) | 2 (3.03%) | 2 (3.03% | |||
| White blood count ×109/L | 8.18 (6.42;10.1) | RV-%, mean (SD) | 86.7 (35.9) | 87.2 (32.1) | 0.48 (−10.28 to 11.2) | .929 | 10 |
| Lymphocyte count ×109/L | 0.78 (0.51;1.12) | DLCO-mL/min/mmHg, mean (SD) | 65.9 (12.4) | 67.6 (13.9) | 1.75 (−0.79 to 4.30) | .175 | 1 |
| Urea nitrogen mmol/L | 40.0 (28.0;59.0) | ≥80%, n (%) | 9 (12.3%) | 15 (20.5%) | .306 | ||
| Creatinine mg/dL | 0.79 (0.65;0.97) | ≤60%–80%, n (%) | 41 (56.2%) | 33 (45.2%) | |||
| LDH U/L mean (SD) | 846 (695;945) | <60%, n (%) | 23 (31.5%) | 25 (34.2%) | |||
| Ferritin mg/dL | 927 (464;2084) | ||||||
| D-dimer mg/L | 452 (284;702) | ||||||
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CT, computed tomography; TSS, total severity score; 6MWT, 6 minutes walking test; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume during the first second of the forced breath; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume.
Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold.