Table 1.
Patient and Lesion Characteristics.
| Variables | ∆ABI ≥ 0.15 (n=143) | ∆ABI < 0.15 (n=86) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72.3±8.0 | 73.7±9.4 | 0.239 | |||
| Male | 115 (80.4%) | 67 (77.9%) | 0.648 | |||
| Hypertension | 115 (80.4%) | 77 (89.5%) | 0.070 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | 90 (62.9%) | 60 (69.8%) | 0.292 | |||
| Diabetes | 67 (46.9%) | 47 (54.7%) | 0.253 | |||
| Hemodialysis | 26 (18.2%) | 16 (18.6%) | 0.936 | |||
| Current smoker | 20 (14.0%) | 15 (17.4%) | 0.521 | |||
| Previous smoker | 105 (73.4%) | 61 (70.9%) | 0.702 | |||
| Old myocardial infarction | 16 (11.2%) | 17 (19.8%) | 0.073 | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 26 (18.2%) | 21 (24.4%) | 0.258 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (18.2%) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.405 | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9±3.5 | 22.9±3.3 | 0.985 | |||
| LVEF (%) | 68.9 [60.0–73.0] | 66.1 [60.0–74.0] | 0.246 | |||
| Clinical frailty scale | 3.0 [2.0–3.0] | 3.0 [2.3–3.8] | 0.456 | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 [3.8–4.3] | 4.0 [3.7–4.2] | 0.086 | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.9 [11.9–14.9] | 13.6 [11.8–14.4] | 0.671 | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 58.0 [34.8–69.2] | 50.0 [28.6–61.6] | 0.447 | |||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.1 [5.6–6.8] | 6.5 [5.7–7.4] | 0.017 | |||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 96.0 [78.0–116.3] | 94.0 [79.3–115.8] | 0.965 | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.0 [41.0–60.3] | 48.0 [40.5–60.0] | 0.146 | |||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 69.1 [26.7–150.3] | 100.6 [46.3–150.4] | 0.145 | |||
| Medication | ||||||
| Aspirin | 123 (86.0%) | 68 (79.1%) | 0.171 | |||
| Thienopyridine | 105 (73.4%) | 67 (77.9%) | 0.448 | |||
| Cilostazol | 40 (28.0%) | 20 (23.3%) | 0.432 | |||
| Statin | 85 (59.4%) | 52 (60.5%) | 0.878 | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 12 (8.4%) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.183 | |||
| ARB | 64 (44.8%) | 46 (53.5%) | 0.200 | |||
| β-blocker | 44 (30.8%) | 19 (22.1%) | 0.155 | |||
| Anticoagulant | 27 (18.9%) | 14 (16.3%) | 0.619 | |||
| Warfarin | 13 (9.1%) | 6 (7.0%) | 0.574 | |||
| DOAC | 14 (9.8%) | 8 (9.3%) | 0.903 | |||
| Antithrombotic at 1 year following EVT | ||||||
| Single antiplatelet therapy | 60 (42.0%) | 37 (43.0%) | 0.982 | |||
| Aspirin alone | 24 (16.8%) | 18 (20.9%) | 0.725 | |||
| Thienopyridine alone | 32 (22.4%) | 16 (18.6%) | 0.794 | |||
| Cilostazol alone | 5 (3.5%) | 4 (4.7%) | 0.906 | |||
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 71 (49.7%) | 41 (47.7%) | 0.959 | |||
| Aspirin and thienopyridine | 37 (25.9%) | 23 (26.7%) | 0.985 | |||
| Aspirin and cilostazol | 27 (18.9%) | 11 (12.8%) | 0.486 | |||
| Thienopyridine and cilostazol | 7 (4.9%) | 7 (8.1%) | 0.606 | |||
| Aspirin, thienopyridine, and cilostazol | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0.294 | |||
| Preoperative ABI | 0.63 [0.57–0.72] | 0.74 [0.61–0.94] | <0.001 | |||
| ABI 1 year following EVT | 0.97 [0.88–1.07] | 0.70 [0.60–0.88] | <0.001 | |||
| Rutherford class | ||||||
| ≤ 3 | 114 (79.7%) | 64 (74.4%) | 0.350 | |||
| 4 | 14 (9.8%) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.336 | |||
| ≤ 5 | 15 (10.5%) | 10 (11.6%) | 0.789 | |||
| Lesion site | 0.056 | |||||
| Aortoiliac only | 56 (39.2%) | 29 (33.7%) | ||||
| Femoropopliteal included | 85 (59.4%) | 51 (59.3%) | ||||
| Below the knee only | 2 (1.4%) | 6 (7.0%) | ||||
| CTO | 60 (42.0%) | 28 (32.6%) | 0.133 | |||
| TASC classification | 0.145 | |||||
| A | 42 (29.4%) | 27 (31.4%) | ||||
| B | 42 (29.4%) | 21 (24.4%) | ||||
| C | 17 (11.9%) | 13 (15.1%) | ||||
| D | 40 (28.0%) | 18 (20.9%) |
ABI: ankle-brachial index, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, CTO: chronic total occlusion, DOAC: direct oral anticoagulant, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, EVT: endovascular therapy, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, TASC: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document
Data are expressed as mean±SD, median [interquartile range], or n (%). The χ2 test was used for normal variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables.