Table 1.

Clinical data for 52 achalasia patients and 50 controls.

Characteristic	Patients †	Controls †	p-value
Mean age (SD‡ ), year	43.5 (1.6)	45.8 (1.6)	0.48
Male/female no. (% male)	31/21 (59.6)	26/24 (52)	0.43
Vantrappen classification§ExcellentGoodModeratePoor	n (%)15 (28.8)15 (28.8)12 (23.1)10 (19.2)
Achalasia subtype¶Type 1Type 2Type 3	n (%)9 (17.3)42 (80.8)1 (1.9 )
Mean duration (months) of symptoms (SD)	32.34 (2.06)
Baseline symptomsDysphagiaChest painRegurgitation	n (%)43 (82.7)7 (13.5)2 (3.8)

†Unless otherwise indicated data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and might not total 100. ‡SD: Standard deviation. §Vantrappen classification: Excellent, indicates no symptoms; Good, symptoms occurring less than once a week; Moderate, symptoms occurring more than once weekly; and Poor, persistent symptoms (Vantrappen and Hellemans, 1980).¶Achalasia subtype: Type 1 (classic) with minimal contractility in the esophageal body, type 2 with intermittent periodsof panesophageal pressurization, and type 3 (spastic) with premature or spastic distal esophageal contractions (Kahrilas et al., 2015).