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PNA binding modes: (A) PNA–dsDNA 1:1 triplex; (B) PNA–DNA–PNA strand-invasion triplex; (C) the Hoogsteen and Watson–Crick parts are linked together in a bis-PNA; (D) shortening the Hoogsteen part and extending the Watson–Crick part of the bis-PNA creates a tail-clamp PNA (tcPNA); (E) and (F) single and double invasion using only Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding; (G) Janus-wedge triple helix.
