Table 3. Substrates utilized by V. natriegens.

Substrates that served as sole carbon and energy sources (under aerobic conditions) [5,9,16,21]
Carbohydrates
N-Acetylglucosamine	Gluconate	Maltose
l-Arabinose	Glucosamine	l-Rhamnose
Cellobiose	d-Glucose	d-Ribose
d-Fructose	Glycerol	Sucrose
d-Galactose	d-Mannitol	Trehalose
Polymers/molasses
Soluble starch	Sugar beet molasses
Amino acids
β-Alanine	l-Arginine	l-Ornithine
d-α-Alanine	l-Citrulline	l-Proline
l-α-Alanine	l-Glutamate	Sarcosine
δ-Aminovalerate	Glycine	l-Serine
γ-Aminobutyrate	l-Histidine	l-Threonine
Carboxylic acids
Acetate	d-Glucuronate	dl-Lactate
Aconitate	Glutarate	dl-Malate
Butyrate	dl-Glycerate	Malonate
Caprate	Heptanoate	Pelargonate
Caprylate	Hippurate	Propionate
Citrate	dl-β-Hydroxybutyrate	Pyruvate
Fumarate	Isobutyrate	Succinate
d-Gluconate	α-Ketoglutarate	Valerate
Aromatic acids
Benzoate	p-Hydroxybenzoate	Quinate
Di-/polyamines
Putrescine	Spermine
Alcohols
Ethanol	Inositol	Propanol
Others
Betaine	Salicin

Substrates that served as sole carbon and energy sources (anaerobic conditions) [9]
d-Gluconate	d-Mannitol
d-Glucose	d-Ribose

Substrates that served as electron donor in extracellular electron transfer (anaerobic conditions) [24]
Formate	Gluconate	Malate
Fructose	Glucosamine	Pyruvate
Galactose	Glycerol	Ribose

Additional substrates for that metabolic acitivity were detected (by cellular respiration); only substrates are listed, which have not been assigned to any category before [10,25]
Carbohydrates
Adenosine	Gentiobiose	Maltotriose
d-Arabitol	Glycogen	β-Methyl-d-glucoside
Arbutin	Inosine	Thymidine
2′-Deoxyadenosine	l-Lyxose	Uridine
Polymers
γ-Cyclodextrin	Laminarin
Dextrin	Pectin
Amino acids
Ala-Gly	Gly-Asp	Hydroxy-l-proline
l-Asparagine	Gly-Glu	l-Pyroglutamic acid
l-Glutamine	Gly-Pro	d-Serine
Carboxylic acids
α-Ketobutyric acid	5-Keto-d-gluconic acid	Oxalomalic acid