Table 4.
Association of Within-individual and Between-individual Effects of Anxiety and Depression With Use of Biologic Therapy
| Depression | Anxiety | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between-effect OR (95% CI) | Within-effect OR (95% CI) | Between-effect OR (95% CI) | Within-effect OR (95% CI) | |
| Unadjusted | 0.78 (0.18–3.46) | 1.88 (1.13–3.13) | 1.79 (0.75–4.27) | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) |
| Adjusteda | 0.58 (0.089–3.80) | 1.86 (0.98–3.54) | 1.66 (0.66–4.16) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) |
| CD | 0.26 (0.04–2.04) | |||
| UC | 49.9 (4.30–580.7) | |||
| Adjusteda,b | 0.76 (0.11–5.24) | 2.02 (1.02–4.00) | 1.83 (0.67–4.97) | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) |
| CD | 0.37 (0.044–3.18) | |||
| UC | 71.0 (6.65–757.9) |
For depression, the within-effect indicates the effect on disease activity of a change from no elevation in symptoms of depression to elevated symptoms of depression within an individual from one visit to another. The between-effect indicates the effect on disease activity of an individual having elevated symptoms of depression compared with an individual who did not have elevated symptoms of depression. The anxiety variables are analogous to those for depression. aAdjusted for age, age at IBD onset, gender, education, current smoking status, number of physical comorbidities. bAdjusted for disease activity