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. 2021 Jul 12;9(3):e27544. doi: 10.2196/27544

Table 3.

Posttraining scores on the global rating scale to assess tendon repair.a

Repair method, aspects considered, global rating scale score (1: poor, 5: good) Control group (n=56) Virtual reality group (n=61) P value
Kessler tendon repair with 2 interrupted tendon repair knots

With respect to tissue, n (%) .22


1 0 (0) 8 (13)


2 3 (5) 41 (67)


3 52 (93) 10 (16)


4 1 (2) 2 (3)


5 0 (0) 0 (0)

Time in motion, n (%) <.001


1 2 (4) 0 (0)


2 14 (25) 0 (0)


3 23 (41) 20 (33)


4 17 (30) 40 (66)


5 0 (0) 1 (2)

Instrument handling, n (%) .31


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 8 (14) 13 (21)


3 42 (75) 43 (71)


4 6 (11) 5 (8)


5 0 (0) 0 (0)

Suture skill, n (%) .05


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 11 (20) 6 (10)


3 36 (64) 38 (62)


4 9 (16) 14 (23)


5 0 (0) 3 (5)

Flow of operation, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 19 (34) 0 (0)


3 33 (59) 11 (18)


4 4 (7) 49 (80)


5 0 (0) 1 (2)

Knowledge of procedure, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 15 (27) 1 (2)


3 41 (73) 1 (2)


4 0 (0) 42 (69)


5 0 (0) 17 (28)

Final product, n (%) .048


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 3 (5) 12 (20)


3 49 (88) 24 (39)


4 3 (5) 22 (36)


5 1 (2) 3 (5)

Overall performance, median (range) 20 (18-22) 24 (21-29) <.001
Bunnell tendon repair with figure 8 tendon repair

With respect to tissue, n (%) .21


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 15 (27) 23 (38)


3 41 (73) 38 (62)


4 0 (0) 0 (0)


5 0 (0) 0 (0)

Time in motion, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 15 (27) 5 (8)


3 41 (73) 32 (53)


4 0 (0) 23 (74)


5 0 (0) 1 (2)

Instrument handling, n (%) .16


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 8 (14) 15 (25)


3 32 (57) 33 (54)


4 16 (29) 13(21)


5 0 (0) 0 (0)

Suture skill, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 17 (30) 10 (16)


3 39 (70) 30 (49)


4 0 (0) 21 (34)


5 0 (0) 0 (0)

Flow of operation, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 27 (48) 1 (2)


3 25 (45) 26 (43)


4 0 (0) 28 (46)


5 4 (7) 6 (10)

Knowledge of procedure, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 21 (38) 2 (3)


3 21 (38) 11 (18)


4 14 (25) 47 (77)


5 0 (0) 1 (2)

Final product, n (%) <.001


1 0 (0) 0 (0)


2 8 (14) 11 (18)


3 41 (73) 31 (51)


4 1 (2) 9 (15)


5 6 (11) 10 (16)

Overall performance, median (range) 20.00 (16-23) 23.00 (20-26) <.001

aData in italics indicate significant differences. Both the methods were assessed using the 35-point global rating scale.