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. 2021 Jul 13;9:629054. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629054

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Copyright © 2021 Ali, Shah, Ullah, Zhou, Guo, Ovais, Tan and Rui.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Schematic diagram of the ligand exchange process to generate water-soluble EDTA-capped iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP-EDTA) from as-synthesized oleic acid capped iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP-OA) (B) TEM images of IONP10-EDTA and IONP20-EDTA after plant incubation in hydroponic growth media (C) Representative photograph of IONP-EDTA samples concentrating around the root hairs of garden cress after 30 min of incubation (D) Schematic representation of the pathways for the uptake of Fe through the plant roots. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry (Ju et al., 2019).