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. 2020 Oct 4;10(4):957–966. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe10040068

Table 1.

Means, Standard Deviations, and Statistical Contrasts for Internalizing Symptoms by Bystander Status.

Bystander Non-Bystander
Outcome M SD M SD F(1,127) p η2p
Depression 7.91 8.42 4.92 6.45 3.91 * 0.05 0.03
Anxiety 13.82 8.50 9.56 7.61 5.61 * 0.02 0.04
Somatic Symptoms 4.48 3.43 2.76 2.40 5.92 ** 0.01 0.05

* p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01.