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. 2021 Jul 26;12:53. doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00458-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Spred1-/- mice exhibit deficits in neonatal ultrasonic vocalization. Neonatal USVs upon maternal separation in WT and Spred1-/- mice were recorded from P4 to P12. A Mean call rate per minute (2-way ANOVA with repeated measures: main effect of age, F(4,156) = 12.28, ****p < 0.0001, no effect of genotype, no interaction). Mean ± SEM. B Mean call duration in milliseconds (2-way ANOVA with repeated measures: effect of age, F(4,156) = 7.347, p < 0.0001; no effect of genotype; no interaction). C Mean peak frequency of USV calls (2-way ANOVA with repeated measures: effect of age F(4,150) = 5.866, p = 0.0002; effect of genotype F(1,150) = 55.13, p < 0.0001; no interaction). D Mean peak amplitude of USV calls (2-way ANOVA with repeated measures: effect of age F(4,205) = 10.77, p < 0.0001, effect of genotype F(1,205) = 9.181, p = 0.0028; no interaction). For all analyses, n = 22–24 mice/genotype. Violin plots show median and quartiles. For C and D, asterisks indicate post-hoc Bonferroni multiple comparisons tests: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001