Table 4.
Cardiometabolic and polysomnographic comparisons between women and men.
| Women (n = 53) | Men (n = 22) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 65.5 ± 10.8 | 67.5 ± 10.6 | .45 |
| SES index | 2.79 (2.42–3.01) | 2.90 (2.72–3.09) | .13 |
| Cardiometabolic parameters | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.4 ± 7.6 | 24.9 ± 5.3 | < .001 |
| WC, cm | 99.5 ± 19.8 | 90.9 ± 14.8 | .08 |
| Body weight status | .02 | ||
| Underweight, n (%) | 2 (3.8) | 3 (14.3) | — |
| Normal weight, n (%) | 14 (26.4) | 10 (47.6) | — |
| Overweight, n (%) | 13 (24.5) | 4 (19.05) | — |
| Obese, n (%) | 24 (45.3) | 4 (19.05) | — |
| SBP, mm Hg | 139.2 ± 23.3 | 138.8 ± 24.9 | .94 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 82.0 ± 10.8 | 79.2 ± 11.8 | .33 |
| MAP, mm Hg | 101.1 ± 13.6 | 99.1 ± 13.8 | .57 |
| HTN stage 2, n (%) | 35 (66.0) | 11 (50.0) | .21 |
| Controlled, n (%) | 12 (34.3) | 1 (9.1) | — |
| Resistant, n (%) | 5 (14.3) | 3 (27.3) | — |
| Untreated, n (%) | 18 (51.4) | 7 (63.6) | — |
| History of CV event, n (%) | 7 (13.2) | 1 (0.5) | .42 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.56 ± 0.49 | 1.72 ± 0.43 | .21 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.86 ± 0.83 | 2.28 ± 0.90 | .09 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.91 ± 0.99 | 1.78 ± 1.10 | .63 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 27 (52.9) | 5 (26.3) | .06 |
| Nonfasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.0 (5.6–7.4) | 5.6 (4.7–6.8) | .06 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (9.4) | 2 (10.0) | > .99 |
| CMR score | 0.12 ± 0.55 | –0.18 ± 0.54 | .04 |
| MetS, n (%) | 24 (47.1) | 5 (26.3) | .17 |
| HIV+, n (%) | 8 (15.7) | 4 (19.0) | .73 |
| Polysomnographic parameters | |||
| Lights out, hh:mm | 20:50 ± 03:00 | 20:41 ± 00:42 | .82 |
| Lights on, hh:mm | 05:40 ± 00:53 | 05:40 ± 01:02 | .99 |
| Time in bed, h | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 1.0 | .05 |
| Sleep latency, min | 9.5 (4.5–16.0) | 13.8 (6.1–26.5) | .25 |
| TST, h | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | .88 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 82.0 (73.0–85.0) | 75.5 (65.5–84.8) | .17 |
| WASO, min | 74.5 (47.0–118.5) | 84.3 (51.0–149.5) | .26 |
| Stage N1 sleep, % of TST | 14.0 (11.0–16.0) | 18.0 (13.0–21.5) | < .01 |
| Stage N2 sleep, % of TST | 46.2 ± 7.3 | 42.8 ± 10.4 | .11 |
| Stage N3 sleep, % of TST | 20.4 ± 8.5 | 16.7 ± 7.8 | .08 |
| REM sleep, % of TST | 19.4 ± 5.8 | 20.3 ± 4.7 | .49 |
| Arousal index, events/h | 13.1 ± 6.9 | 16.2 ± 8.0 | .09 |
| Arousal with respiratory event, n | 15.0 (7.0–30.0) | 24.5 (12.0–46.5) | .08 |
| Awakening index, events/h | 4.1 (3.0–5.1) | 5.8 (4.5–7.4) | < .01 |
| OSA, n (%) | 15 (28.3) | 7 (31.8) | .76 |
| AHI, events/h | 7.5 (3.9–16.5) | 7.9 (4.6–19.9) | .48 |
| Mean SpO2, % | 95.6 ± 2.4 | 95.3 ± 3.3 | .73 |
| Min SpO2, % | 90.0 (82.5–93.0) | 86.0 (83.0–92.0) | .87 |
| ODI, TST 3%, events/h | 2.7 (0.6–11.1) | 3.4 (1.5–11.6) | .69 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (25%–75% IQR), or n (%). P values represent between-group comparisons made using Fisher exact tests, Student t tests, or Mann-Whitney U tests. For the Fisher exact analysis of body weight status between women and men, underweight and normal-weight participants and overweight and obese participants were grouped. Missing data: body weight status (n = 1, men); diabetes (n = 2, men); dyslipidemia (n = 2, women; n = 3, men); MetS (n = 2, women; n = 3, men); and HIV status (n = 2, women; n = 1, men). AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, CMR = cardiometabolic risk, CV = cardiovascular, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HTN = hypertension, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MAP = mean arterial pressure, MetS = metabolic syndrome, ODI = oxygen desaturation index, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, REM = rapid eye movement, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SD = standard deviation, SES = socioeconomic status, SpO2 = peripheral oxygen saturation, TST = total sleep time, WASO = wake after sleep onset, WC = waist circumference.