Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of patients with SRED/NES treated with ramelteon (n = 49).
| Values | |
|---|---|
| Age at the investigation, mean ± SD (range), y | 36.2 ± 8.3 (23–59) |
| Female, n (%) | 28 (57.1) |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD (range), kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 4.8 (17.2–41.2) |
| Length of disease morbidity, mean ± SD (range), y | 6.7 ± 5.7 (0–23) |
| Habitual alcohol consumption, n (%) | 5 (10.2) |
| Habitual smoking, n (%) | 19 (38.8) |
| Morning anorexia, n (%) | 41 (83.7) |
| Dietary restrictions, n (%) | 8 (16.3) |
| Childhood history of somnambulism, n (%) | 10 (20.4) |
| Possibly BZD-related, n (%) | 21 (42.9) |
| Coexisting CRSWDs, n (%) | |
| DSWPD | 15 (30.6) |
| Shift-work disorder | 3 (6.1) |
| Non–24-hour sleep-wake disorder | 1 (2.0) |
| Coexisting other sleep disorders, n (%) | |
| OSA | 6 (12.2) |
| RLS | 4 (8.2) |
| PLMD | 1 (2.0) |
| Coexisting mental disorders, n (%) | |
| Major depressive disorder | 8 (16.3) |
| Bipolar disorder | 3 (6.1) |
| Schizophrenia | 1 (2.0) |
| Panic disorder | 1 (2.0) |
| Concomitant medication for SRED/NES, n (%) | |
| SSRIs | 10 (20.4) |
| Topiramate | 5 (10.2) |
| Any of the above | 13 (26.5) |
| Dose of ramelteon (per d), n (%) | |
| ≤ 4 mg | 35 (71.4) |
| 8 mg | 14 (28.6) |
| Duration of ramelteon treatment, mean ± SD (range), mo | 11.7 ± 13.8 (1–67) |
| Responder,a n (%) | 21 (42.9) |
| Adverse events | |
| Daytime somnolence, n (%) | 5 (10.2) |
| Habitual sleep schedules at baseline, mean ± SD (range),b h:min | |
| Sleep-onset time | 0:50 ± 1:28 (22:00–5:30) |
| Waking-up time | 7:07 ± 1:52 (4:00–15:00) |
| Sleep midpoint | 3:58 ± 1:33 (2:00–10:15) |
| Habitual sleep schedules after ramelteon treatment, mean ± SD (range),b h:min | |
| Sleep-onset time | 0:35 ± 1:31 (22:00–6:30) |
| Waking-up time | 7:21 ± 1:43 (5:00–15:00) |
| Sleep midpoint | 3:58 ± 1:33 (2:00–10:45) |
aDefined as participants in whom the frequency of sleep-related eating became < 50% after ramelteon treatment. bFour patients who were not on a fixed sleep schedule (3 with shift-work disorder and 1 with non–24-hour sleep-wake disorder) were excluded from the analysis. BZD = benzodiazepine derivatives and Z-drugs, CRSWD = circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, DSWPD = delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, NES = night eating syndrome, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PLMD = periodic limb movement disorder, RLS = restless legs syndrome, SD = standard deviation, SRED = sleep-related eating disorder, SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.