Table 2.
Patient characteristics: responder vs nonresponder groups (n = 49).
| Respondera (n = 21) | Nonresponder (n = 28) | Pb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the time of investigation, mean ± SD, y | 38.1 ± 9.3 | 34.8 ± 7.4 | .188 |
| Female, n (%) | 11 (52.4) | 17 (60.7) | .560 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 5.3 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | .079 |
| Length of disease morbidity, mean ± SD, y | 7.6 ± 6.6 | 5.9 ± 4.9 | .489 |
| Dietary restriction, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 6 (21.4) | .265 |
| Childhood history of somnambulism, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 5 (17.9) | .609 |
| Possibly BZD-related, n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 6 (21.4) | < .001 |
| Coexisting CRSWDs, n (%) | |||
| DSWPD | 10 (47.6) | 5 (17.9) | .025 |
| CRSWDs other than DSWPDc | 0 (0.0) | 4 (14.3) | .071 |
| Coexisting sleep disorders,d n (%) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (17.9) | .374 |
| Coexisting mental disorders,e n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 5 (17.9) | .112 |
| Concomitant medication for SRED/NES,f n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 8 (28.6) | .709 |
| Habitual sleep schedules at baseline, mean ± SD, h:min | |||
| Sleep-onset time | 0:54 ± 1:21 | 0:46 ± 1:35g | .400 |
| Waking-up time | 7:11 ± 1:23 | 7:03 ± 2:14g | .161 |
| Sleep midpoint | 4:03 ± 1:09 | 3:54 ± 1:51g | .249 |
| Habitual sleep schedules after ramelteon treatment, mean ± SD, h:min | |||
| Sleep-onset time | 0:24 ± 1:11 | 0:44 ± 1:46g | .917 |
| Waking-up time | 7:34 ± 0:56 | 7:10 ± 2:12g | .027 |
| Sleep midpoint | 3:59 ± 0:57 | 3:57 ± 1:57g | .268 |
aDefined as participants in whom the frequency of sleep-related eating became < 50% after ramelteon treatment. bChi-square test (categorical variables) or Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables). cIncluding shift-work disorder (n = 3) and non–24-hour sleep-wake disorder (n = 1). dIncluding OSA (n = 6), RLS (n = 4), and PLMD (n = 1). eIncluding major depressive disorder (n = 8), bipolar disorder (n = 3), schizophrenia (n = 1), and panic disorder (n = 1). fIncluding sertraline (n = 7), escitalopram (n = 3), and topiramate (n = 5). gFour patients who were not on a fixed sleep schedule (3 with shift-work disorder and 1 with non–24-hour sleep-wake disorder) were excluded from the analysis. BZD = benzodiazepine derivatives and Z-drugs, CRSWD = circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, DSWPD = delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, NES = night eating syndrome, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PLMD = periodic limb movement disorder, RLS = restless legs syndrome, SD = standard deviation, SRED = sleep-related eating disorder, SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.