Table 2.
Correlations between the differences (before and during COVID-19 pandemic) of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, chronotype, quality of life, sleep duration, and social jet lag.
| PSQI | MEQ | WHOQOL-BREF–Physical | WHOQOL-BREF–Psychological | WHOQOL-BREF–Social | WHOQOL-BREF–Environmental | Sleep Duration | Social Jet Lag | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESS | 0.266* (n = 90) | −0.052 (n = 92) | −0.394*** (n = 92) | −0.356*** (n = 90) | −0.021 (n = 84) | 0.080 (n = 89) | −0.185 (n = 92) | 0.011 (n = 86) |
| PSQI | — | −0.327** (n = 92) | −0.323** (n = 92) | −0.209 (n = 88) | −0.158 (n = 84) | 0.089 (n = 88) | −0.698*** (n = 92) | 0.197 (n = 85) |
| MEQ | — | 0.286** (n = 93) | 0.053 (n = 90) | 0.063 (n = 85) | 0.072 (n = 90) | 0.289** (n = 94) | −0.176 (n = 87) | |
| WHOQOL-BREF–Physical | — | 0.514*** (n = 90) | 0.189 (n = 85) | 0.260* (n = 90) | 0.172 (n = 93) | −0.054 (n = 87) | ||
| WHOQOL-BREF–Psychological | — | 0.342** (n = 82) | 0.142 (n = 87) | 0.041 (n = 90) | −0.068 (n = 84) | |||
| WHOQOL-BREF–Social | — | 0.007 (n = 82) | 0.096 (n = 85) | −0.098 (n = 80) | ||||
| WHOQOL-BREF–Environmental | — | −0.196 (n = 90) | 0.206 (n = 84) | |||||
| Sleep duration | — | −0.300** (n = 87) |
***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05. ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, MEQ = Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, WHOQOL-BREF = World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-abbreviated version.