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. 2021 Jun 1;17(6):1175–1182. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9156

Table 3.

Subgroup analyses of sleep parameters in men and women.

Males Females P
Middle-Aged (n = 31) Older Adult (n = 26) P Middle-Aged (n = 70) Older Adult (n = 30) P Middle-Aged Males vs Females Older Adult Males vs Females
TIB
 PSQI, min 363.88 (97.63) 378.08 (87.91) .570 409.72 (97.43) 401.66 (119.60) .725 .032* .410
 Sleep-log, min 412.74 (84.12) 379.42 (94.21) .164 422.33 (78.50) 433.42 (68.94) .504 .581 .017*
 Ratio (PSQI:sleep-log), % 91.57 (30.78) 111.67 (77.00) .301 98.11 (20.09) 92.96 (23.31) .266 .207 .210
TST
 PSQI, min 235.65 (62.11) 214.62 (88.87) .299 261.00 (72.11) 225.00 (72.53) .025* .093 .632
 Actigraphy, min 333.51 (73.50) 304.51 (85.52) .174 348.74 (61.89) 342.83 (56.64) .655 .285 .050
 Ratio (PSQI:actigraphy), % 74.55 (26.58) 77.82 (40.71) .727 76.57 (21.53) 66.39 (22.20) .034* .687 .210
Sleep efficiency
 PSQI, % 68.17 (21.44) 59.55 (25.66) .173 66.48 (20.52) 58.19 (18.36) .059 .709 .819
 Actigraphy, % 81.10 (8.59) 79.87 (9.12) .601 83.07 (7.65) 79.57 (8.14) .043* .253 .900
 Ratio (PSQI:actigraphy), % 85.66 (29.45) 76.86 (39.58) .341 80.68 (26.44) 73.44 (22.39) .193 .401 .699

Student’s t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for differences between means. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation). *P < .05. PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, TIB = time in bed, TST = total sleep time. Sleep-log refers to the daily sleep diary accompanying actigraphy.