Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Study Design	Population	Inclusion Criteria	Dose of Acetazolamide	Comparison
Central
DeBacker et al, 199520	Pre-post study	14	CSA	250 mg orally at night for 1 month	N/A
Fontana et al, 201122	Pre-post study	12	Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes breathing with AHI > 15 events/h and heart failure (LVEF < 50%). Patients with NYHA IV, acute coronary syndromes within the previous 6 month, glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min or pulmonary disease were excluded	250 mg twice a day orally for 4 days	N/A
Ginter and Sankari, 202036	Randomized crossover study	16	CSA with either chronic spinal cord injury (> 6 months) at or above the T6 level or able-bodied control	500 mg 2 times a day orally for 3 days	N/A
Javaheri, 200624	Randomized crossover study	12	CSA with AHI ≥ 15 events/h, Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes breathing, systolic heart failure with LVEF < 35%, and NYHA II or III	3.5 mg/kg orally at night for 6 days	Placebo (potassium chloride 30 mEq)
Naghan et al, 201925	Randomized crossover study	10	CSA caused by opioid drug	250 mg orally at night for 6 days	Placebo
Ulrich et al, 201529	Randomized crossover study	23	SBD and precapillary pulmonary hypertension or CTEPH, PaO2 ≥ 7.3 kPa during daytime. Patients with predominantly OSA, more than mild lung disease, or concomitant left ventricular disease were excluded	250 mg twice a day orally for 1 week	Placebo
Verbraecken et al, 199830	Pre-post study	8	CSA	250 mg orally at night for 1 month	N/A
White et al, 198231	Pre-post study	6	5 patients with CSA, 1 with OSA	250 mg 4 times a day for at least 7 days	N/A
Obstructive
Eskandari et al, 201821	Randomized crossover study	13	OSA with AHI > 15 events/h, treated systemic hypertension, BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2 and ESS score > 6	250 mg orally twice a day for initial 3 days and 3 times a day for the following 2 weeks	AZT + CPAP and CPAP
Whyte et al, 198832	Randomized crossover study	10	OSA with AHI ≥ 15 events/h, with at least 2 of the following symptoms: daytime somnolence, loud snoring, unsatisfying nocturnal sleep, or recurrent nocturnal awakening	250 mg orally twice a day for 1st week and 250 mg 4 times a day for 2nd week	Placebo
Unknown or Mixed Type
Apostolo et al, 201419	Pre-post study	18	Heart failure with LVEF < 40%, NYHA II or III, PB during exercise	500 mg intravenous 3 times a day	N/A
Inoue et al, 199923	Pre-post study	75	Sleep apnea	Mean of 351.2 mg/day orally for mean 39.5 days	No
Sakamoto et al, 199526	Pre-post study	20	Sleep apnea	250 mg orally for 10 patients, 500 mg orally for 8 patients, and 750 mg orally for 2 patients for 17–115 days	N/A
Sharp et al, 198527	Pre-post study	10	4 patients with OSA, 2 with CSA, 4 with MSA	500–1,000 mg daily for 4–7 days	N/A
Tojima et al, 198828	Pre-post study	9	8 patients with OSA, 1 with CSA and Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes breathing	250 mg daily orally for 7–8 days	N/A

AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure, CSA = central sleep apnea, CTEPH = chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, MSA = mixed sleep apnea, N/A = not available, NYHA = New York Heart Association, OAI = obstructive apnea index, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PaO₂ = arterial pressure of oxygen, PB = periodic breathing.